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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 207-221.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025419

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

陇中半干旱区苜蓿||玉米间作行比配置对系统产量、品质及水氮利用的影响

吴佩1(), 蒋丛泽2, 魏恺全2, 田瑞斌1, 李慧婷2, 杨宪龙2, 路永莉1()   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17 修回日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 路永莉
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yongli1210@126.com
    吴佩(2001-),男,甘肃会宁人,在读硕士。E-mail: wup110313@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金(GSCS-2022-06)

Effects of alfalfa/maize intercropping ratio on crop yield and quality, and water and nitrogen use in the semi-arid area of Longzhong

Pei WU1(), Cong-ze JIANG2, Kai-quan WEI2, Rui-bin TIAN1, Hui-ting LI2, Xian-long YANG2, Yong-li LU1()   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
  • Received:2025-10-17 Revised:2025-12-15 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Yong-li LU

摘要:

为确定陇中黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿与玉米的最佳间作行比,本研究在传统紫花苜蓿单作(A)、玉米单作(M)的基础上,设置了苜蓿||玉米5∶2间作(5A2M)、5∶3间作(5A3M)、7∶2间作(7A2M)、7∶3间作(7A3M)、9∶2间作(9A2M)和9∶3间作(9A3M)6种间作模式,系统分析了不同间作行比对间作系统干物质产量、饲用品质及水氮资源利用的影响。结果表明:间作系统干物质产量在9A2M处理达到最高(12.7 t·hm-2),较M产量(8.4 t·hm-2)显著增加了51.2%;系统粗蛋白产量在9A2M处理达到最高,为3.5 t·hm-2;营养品质方面,玉米全株粗蛋白含量最高的处理是9A3M(9.0%),间作行比对苜蓿酸性、中性洗涤纤维含量无显著影响。9A2M处理的干物质水分利用效率(38.5 kg·hm-2·mm-1)最高,较M和A处理分别显著增加了91.5%和67.4%;氮肥利用方面,在间作系统中9A2M处理的氮肥偏生产力(149.3 kg·kg-1)同样最高,较5A2M、5A3M、7A3M和9A3M处理显著提高了55.0%、61.2%、39.8%和29.7%。雷达图综合分析表明:9A2M处理表现最佳,适宜在陇中半干旱区推广。

关键词: 苜蓿, 玉米, 行比, 干物质产量, 营养品质, 水氮利用

Abstract:

This research aimed to determine the optimal intercropping row ratio of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and maize (Zea mays) in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu. The experiment design was based on the traditional monoculture of alfalfa (A) and monoculture of maize (M). Six intercropping configurations were set up: namely alfalfa/maize intercropping at ratios of 5∶2 (5A2M), 5∶3 (5A3M), 7∶2 (7A2M), 7∶3 (7A3M), 9∶2 (9A2M) and 9∶3 (9A3M). The effects of the different intercropping row ratios on the dry matter yield, forage quality and utilization of water and nitrogen resources in the system were analyzed. It was found that: the dry matter yield of the system was highest in the 9A2M treatment (12.7 t·ha-1). This was 51.2% higher than the yield of M (8.4 t·ha-1). The crude protein yield of the system was highest (3.5 t·ha-1) in the 9A2M treatment. In terms of nutritional quality, the treatment with the highest maize whole-plant crude protein content (9.0%) was 9A3M, and the intercropping row ratio had no significant effect on the acid and neutral detergent fiber contents of alfalfa. The highest water use efficiency of dry matter production was found in the 9A2M treatment (38.5 kg·ha-1·mm-1). This was a 91.5% and 67.4% increase (P<0.05) compared to the M and A treatments, respectively. In terms of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in the 9A2M treatment (149.3 kg·kg-1) was also the highest among the tested intercropping configurations, and was an increase of 55.0%, 61.2%, 39.8% and 29.7%, respectively, compared with the 5A2M, 5A3M, 7A3M and 9A3M treatments. A multi-trait analysis using a radar chart showed that the 9A2M treatment had the best overall performance and can be recommended for adoption in the semi-arid area of central Gansu.

Key words: alfalfa/maize intercropping, row ratio, dry matter yield, nutritional quality, water and nitrogen utilization