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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 108-121.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025300

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

蒲公英黄酮和枯草芽孢杆菌对燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性及微生物群落结构的影响

王涛(), 李静, 卢强, 柯文灿, 黄帅()   

  1. 宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-17 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 黄帅
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: shuaihuang010@nxu.edu.cn
    王涛(1999-),男,宁夏固原人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2289609642@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC05018)

Effects of flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum and of Bacillus subtilis addition on fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, and aerobic stability of Avena sativa silage

Tao WANG(), Jing LI, Qiang LU, Wen-can KE, Shuai HUANG()   

  1. School of Forestry and Prataculturae,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-07-17 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Shuai HUANG

摘要:

本试验旨在研究蒲公英黄酮(total flavonoids)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性、有氧稳定性及微生物群落结构的影响。设置以下处理:1)对照组(CK);2)蒲公英黄酮添加组(FT);3)枯草芽孢杆菌添加组(BS);4)FT和BS联用组(FT+BS)。常温青贮60 d后测定燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性、有氧稳定性及微生物群落结构。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加剂组pH、丙酸(PA)含量、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)、酵母菌(yeast)数量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量与干物质(DM)损失均显著降低(P<0.05),其中FT+BS组pH与NH3-N/TN均显著低于BS组(P<0.05),且FT+BS组乳酸(LA)含量与乳酸菌(LAB)数量均显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,FT组与FT+BS组类黄酮含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及抗氧化酶活性均显著升高(P<0.05)。FT+BS组有氧稳定性显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。2)BS组与FT+BS组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)绝对丰度均显著高于CK组和FT组(P<0.05);FT组肠球菌属(Enterococcus)绝对丰度显著高于BS组和FT+BS组(P<0.05),FT+BS组促生乳杆菌属(Levilactobacillus)绝对丰度显著高于FT组与BS组(P<0.05);添加剂组LAB绝对丰度之和均显著高于鲜样组与CK组(P<0.05)。综上,FT和BS有助于提高燕麦青贮品质、抗氧化活性和有氧稳定性,同时促进微生物群落结构向有利于青贮发酵的方向转变。综合考虑,FT和BS联用对燕麦青贮质量的改善效果最佳。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌, 燕麦, 蒲公英黄酮, 发酵品质, 抗氧化活性, 微生物群落

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum (FT) and addition of Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, aerobic stability, and microbial community structure of oat (Avena sativa) silage. The following treatments were established: 1) Control treatment (CK); 2) FT addition treatment (FT); 3) BS addition treatment (BS); 4) Combined FT and BS treatment (FT+BS). After 60 days of ensiling at room temperature, the fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, aerobic stability, and microbial community structure of the A. sativa silage were determined. It was found that: 1) Compared with the control treatment, the additive treatments exhibited significantly lower pH, propionic acid content, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) ratio, yeast count, neutral detergent fiber content, and dry matter loss (P<0.05), the pH and NH3-N/TN ratio values in the FT+BS treatment were significantly lower than those in the BS treatment (P<0.05), while the lactic acid (LA) content and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in the FT+BS treatment were significantly higher than those in the CK treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in the FT and FT+BS treatments (P<0.05). The aerobic stability of the FT+BS treatment was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments (P<0.05). 2) The absolute abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher in the BS and FT+BS treatments compared to the CK and FT treatments (P<0.05). The absolute abundance of Enterococcus was significantly higher in the FT treatment than in the BS and FT+BS treatments (P<0.05), while the absolute abundance of Levilactobacillus was significantly higher in the FT+BS treatments than in the FT and BS treatments (P<0.05). The total absolute abundance of LAB in all additive treatments was significantly higher than that in the fresh sample and CK treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, both FT and BS contributed to improvement of the fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, and aerobic stability of A. sativa silage, while also promoting beneficial shifts in the microbial community structure for silage fermentation. Overall, the combined addition of FT and BS yielded the best improvement in A. sativa silage quality.

Key words: Bacillus subtilis, Avena sativa, total flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum, fermentation quality, antioxidant activity, microbial community