Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 198-210.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025382
Qi-lin ZHANG(
), Xiao-jun WANG, Jing LI, Chong-qing CHENG, Guo-ling LIANG, Wen-hui LIU, Ze-liang JU, Zhi-feng JIA, Xiang MA, Wen LI(
)
Received:2025-09-23
Revised:2025-11-10
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-07-27
Contact:
Wen LI
Qi-lin ZHANG, Xiao-jun WANG, Jing LI, Chong-qing CHENG, Guo-ling LIANG, Wen-hui LIU, Ze-liang JU, Zhi-feng JIA, Xiang MA, Wen LI. Mixed sowing with different combinations of oat and annual leguminous forages in the Qinghai Lake area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(9): 198-210.
燕麦与豆科牧草种子质量比 Seed mass ratio of oat and legumes | M1 | M2 | M3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
‘青燕4号’燕麦 A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ | ‘青建1号’饲用豌豆P. sativum ‘Qingjian No.1’ | ‘青燕4号’燕麦 A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ | 箭筈豌豆 V. sativa | ‘青燕4号’燕麦A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ | ‘A-61’饲用豌豆资源P. sativum resource ‘A-61’ | |
| 10∶0 (燕麦单播Oat unicast, O) | 225.00 | 0.00 | 225.00 | 0.00 | 225.00 | 0.00 |
| 0∶10 (豆科单播Legumes unicast, P) | 0.00 | 112.00 | 0.00 | 120.00 | 0.00 | 112.00 |
| 1∶9 (R1) | 22.50 | 100.80 | 22.50 | 108.00 | 22.50 | 100.80 |
| 2∶8 (R2) | 45.00 | 89.60 | 45.00 | 96.00 | 45.00 | 89.60 |
| 3∶7 (R3) | 67.50 | 78.40 | 67.50 | 84.00 | 67.50 | 78.40 |
| 4∶6 (R4) | 90.00 | 67.20 | 90.00 | 72.00 | 90.00 | 67.20 |
| 5∶5 (R5) | 112.50 | 56.00 | 112.50 | 60.00 | 112.50 | 56.00 |
| 6∶4 (R6) | 135.00 | 44.80 | 135.00 | 48.00 | 135.00 | 44.80 |
| 7∶3 (R7) | 157.50 | 33.60 | 157.50 | 36.00 | 157.50 | 33.60 |
| 8∶2 (R8) | 180.00 | 22.40 | 180.00 | 24.00 | 180.00 | 22.40 |
| 9∶1 (R9) | 202.50 | 11.20 | 202.50 | 12.00 | 202.50 | 11.20 |
Table 1 Theoretical seeding rate of each mixed sowing treatment (kg·hm-2)
燕麦与豆科牧草种子质量比 Seed mass ratio of oat and legumes | M1 | M2 | M3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
‘青燕4号’燕麦 A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ | ‘青建1号’饲用豌豆P. sativum ‘Qingjian No.1’ | ‘青燕4号’燕麦 A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ | 箭筈豌豆 V. sativa | ‘青燕4号’燕麦A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ | ‘A-61’饲用豌豆资源P. sativum resource ‘A-61’ | |
| 10∶0 (燕麦单播Oat unicast, O) | 225.00 | 0.00 | 225.00 | 0.00 | 225.00 | 0.00 |
| 0∶10 (豆科单播Legumes unicast, P) | 0.00 | 112.00 | 0.00 | 120.00 | 0.00 | 112.00 |
| 1∶9 (R1) | 22.50 | 100.80 | 22.50 | 108.00 | 22.50 | 100.80 |
| 2∶8 (R2) | 45.00 | 89.60 | 45.00 | 96.00 | 45.00 | 89.60 |
| 3∶7 (R3) | 67.50 | 78.40 | 67.50 | 84.00 | 67.50 | 78.40 |
| 4∶6 (R4) | 90.00 | 67.20 | 90.00 | 72.00 | 90.00 | 67.20 |
| 5∶5 (R5) | 112.50 | 56.00 | 112.50 | 60.00 | 112.50 | 56.00 |
| 6∶4 (R6) | 135.00 | 44.80 | 135.00 | 48.00 | 135.00 | 44.80 |
| 7∶3 (R7) | 157.50 | 33.60 | 157.50 | 36.00 | 157.50 | 33.60 |
| 8∶2 (R8) | 180.00 | 22.40 | 180.00 | 24.00 | 180.00 | 22.40 |
| 9∶1 (R9) | 202.50 | 11.20 | 202.50 | 12.00 | 202.50 | 11.20 |
项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P | 项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦株高 Oat plant height | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 豆科牧草产量Leguminous forage yield | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.04 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.23 | ||
豆科牧草株高 Leguminous forage plant height | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 总产量 Total yield | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.04 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.68 | ||
燕麦分蘖数 Number of tillers of oat | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.01 | 燕麦茎叶比Stem-leaf ratio of oat | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.46 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | ||
| 豆科牧草分枝数Branch number of leguminous forage | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 豆科牧草茎叶比Stem-leaf ratio of leguminous forage | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.10 | ||
燕麦产量 Oat yield | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.22 | 群落茎叶比Stem-leaf ratio of community | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.13 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.38 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.74 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.02 |
Table 2 Two-way analysis of variance of the effects of mixed sowing combination, mixture ratio and their interaction on agronomic traits of forage
项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P | 项目 Item | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
燕麦株高 Oat plant height | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 豆科牧草产量Leguminous forage yield | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.04 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.23 | ||
豆科牧草株高 Leguminous forage plant height | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 总产量 Total yield | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.04 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.68 | ||
燕麦分蘖数 Number of tillers of oat | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.01 | 燕麦茎叶比Stem-leaf ratio of oat | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.46 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | ||
| 豆科牧草分枝数Branch number of leguminous forage | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 豆科牧草茎叶比Stem-leaf ratio of leguminous forage | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.10 | ||
燕麦产量 Oat yield | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.22 | 群落茎叶比Stem-leaf ratio of community | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.13 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.38 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.74 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.02 |
营养品质 Nutritional quality | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P | 营养品质 Nutritional quality | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粗蛋白 Crude protein | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | ||
粗脂肪 Crude fat | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.04 | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.97 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | ||
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.48 | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feed value | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 1.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 |
Table 3 Two-way analysis of variance of the effects of mixed sowing combination, mixture ratio and their interaction on nutritional quality of forage
营养品质 Nutritional quality | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P | 营养品质 Nutritional quality | 因素 Factor | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粗蛋白 Crude protein | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | ||
粗脂肪 Crude fat | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.04 | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.97 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 | ||
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.48 | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feed value | 混播组合Mixed sowing combination | 2 | 0.00 |
| 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | 混播比例Mixture ratio | 10 | 0.00 | ||
| 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 1.00 | 组合×比例Combination×ratio | 20 | 0.00 |
处理 Treatment | 干草产量 Hay yield (kg·hm-2) | 干草价格 Hay price (CNY·kg-1) | 成本 Cost (CNY·hm-2) | 总收益 Total profit (CNY·hm-2) | 净收益 Net profit (CNY·hm-2) | 排序 Sort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦Oat | 豆科Legumes | 燕麦Oat | 豆科Legumes | 种子Seeds | 其他Other | 合计Total | ||||
| M1O | 8958.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 900.0 | 8145.0 | 9045.0 | 11646.3 | 2601.3 | 12 |
| M1P | 0.0 | 7294.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1568.0 | 8145.0 | 9713.0 | 11670.4 | 1957.4 | 24 |
| M1R1 | 3507.3 | 3839.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1501.2 | 8145.0 | 9646.2 | 10702.5 | 1056.3 | 32 |
| M1R2 | 4642.8 | 3072.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1434.4 | 8145.0 | 9579.4 | 10950.8 | 1371.4 | 31 |
| M1R3 | 6586.0 | 1587.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1367.6 | 8145.0 | 9512.6 | 11101.5 | 1588.9 | 28 |
| M1R4 | 8057.3 | 1987.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1300.8 | 8145.0 | 9445.8 | 13654.3 | 4208.5 | 3 |
| M1R5 | 7320.0 | 1331.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1234.0 | 8145.0 | 9379.0 | 11646.1 | 2267.1 | 19 |
| M1R6 | 7200.0 | 962.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1167.2 | 8145.0 | 9312.2 | 10900.3 | 1588.1 | 29 |
| M1R7 | 7654.7 | 890.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1100.4 | 8145.0 | 9245.4 | 11375.1 | 2129.7 | 23 |
| M1R8 | 8496.0 | 477.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1033.6 | 8145.0 | 9178.6 | 11809.1 | 2630.5 | 11 |
| M1R9 | 8478.7 | 204.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 966.8 | 8145.0 | 9111.8 | 11349.7 | 2237.9 | 20 |
| M2O | 8958.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 900.0 | 8145.0 | 9045.0 | 11646.3 | 2601.3 | 12 |
| M2P | 0.0 | 6225.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1200.0 | 8145.0 | 9345.0 | 9960.5 | 615.5 | 33 |
| M2R1 | 5664.7 | 3557.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1170.0 | 8145.0 | 9315.0 | 13055.8 | 3740.8 | 6 |
| M2R2 | 5534.0 | 2426.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1140.0 | 8145.0 | 9285.0 | 11076.9 | 1791.9 | 26 |
| M2R3 | 6417.3 | 1648.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1110.0 | 8145.0 | 9255.0 | 10979.3 | 1724.3 | 27 |
| M2R4 | 7143.0 | 1431.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1080.0 | 8145.0 | 9225.0 | 11576.0 | 2351.0 | 17 |
| M2R5 | 7839.6 | 992.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1050.0 | 8145.0 | 9195.0 | 11779.7 | 2584.7 | 15 |
| M2R6 | 7436.0 | 544.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1020.0 | 8145.0 | 9165.0 | 10537.2 | 1372.2 | 30 |
| M2R7 | 8492.7 | 606.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 990.0 | 8145.0 | 9135.0 | 12010.1 | 2875.1 | 8 |
| M2R8 | 8384.0 | 318.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 960.0 | 8145.0 | 9105.0 | 11408.0 | 2303.0 | 18 |
| M2R9 | 9683.3 | 180.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 930.0 | 8145.0 | 9075.0 | 12877.4 | 3802.4 | 5 |
| M3O | 8958.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 900.0 | 8145.0 | 9045.0 | 11646.3 | 2601.3 | 12 |
| M3P | 0.0 | 7820.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1568.0 | 8145.0 | 9713.0 | 12512.0 | 2799.0 | 9 |
| M3R1 | 3692.0 | 4406.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1501.2 | 8145.0 | 9646.2 | 11849.2 | 2203.0 | 22 |
| M3R2 | 4254.7 | 3734.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1434.4 | 8145.0 | 9579.4 | 11505.5 | 1926.1 | 25 |
| M3R3 | 6527.3 | 2166.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1367.6 | 8145.0 | 9512.6 | 11952.2 | 2439.6 | 16 |
| M3R4 | 8572.0 | 2886.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1300.8 | 8145.0 | 9445.8 | 15762.3 | 6316.5 | 1 |
| M3R5 | 7486.7 | 1162.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1234.0 | 8145.0 | 9379.0 | 11591.9 | 2212.9 | 21 |
| M3R6 | 7862.7 | 1117.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1167.2 | 8145.0 | 9312.2 | 12009.2 | 2697.0 | 10 |
| M3R7 | 9062.0 | 1066.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1100.4 | 8145.0 | 9245.4 | 13486.2 | 4240.8 | 2 |
| M3R8 | 9042.7 | 344.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1033.6 | 8145.0 | 9178.6 | 12305.9 | 3127.3 | 7 |
| M3R9 | 9506.0 | 370.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 966.8 | 8145.0 | 9111.8 | 12950.9 | 3839.1 | 4 |
Table 4 Economic benefit characteristics of forage under different mixed sowing treatments
处理 Treatment | 干草产量 Hay yield (kg·hm-2) | 干草价格 Hay price (CNY·kg-1) | 成本 Cost (CNY·hm-2) | 总收益 Total profit (CNY·hm-2) | 净收益 Net profit (CNY·hm-2) | 排序 Sort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 燕麦Oat | 豆科Legumes | 燕麦Oat | 豆科Legumes | 种子Seeds | 其他Other | 合计Total | ||||
| M1O | 8958.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 900.0 | 8145.0 | 9045.0 | 11646.3 | 2601.3 | 12 |
| M1P | 0.0 | 7294.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1568.0 | 8145.0 | 9713.0 | 11670.4 | 1957.4 | 24 |
| M1R1 | 3507.3 | 3839.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1501.2 | 8145.0 | 9646.2 | 10702.5 | 1056.3 | 32 |
| M1R2 | 4642.8 | 3072.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1434.4 | 8145.0 | 9579.4 | 10950.8 | 1371.4 | 31 |
| M1R3 | 6586.0 | 1587.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1367.6 | 8145.0 | 9512.6 | 11101.5 | 1588.9 | 28 |
| M1R4 | 8057.3 | 1987.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1300.8 | 8145.0 | 9445.8 | 13654.3 | 4208.5 | 3 |
| M1R5 | 7320.0 | 1331.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1234.0 | 8145.0 | 9379.0 | 11646.1 | 2267.1 | 19 |
| M1R6 | 7200.0 | 962.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1167.2 | 8145.0 | 9312.2 | 10900.3 | 1588.1 | 29 |
| M1R7 | 7654.7 | 890.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1100.4 | 8145.0 | 9245.4 | 11375.1 | 2129.7 | 23 |
| M1R8 | 8496.0 | 477.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1033.6 | 8145.0 | 9178.6 | 11809.1 | 2630.5 | 11 |
| M1R9 | 8478.7 | 204.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 966.8 | 8145.0 | 9111.8 | 11349.7 | 2237.9 | 20 |
| M2O | 8958.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 900.0 | 8145.0 | 9045.0 | 11646.3 | 2601.3 | 12 |
| M2P | 0.0 | 6225.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1200.0 | 8145.0 | 9345.0 | 9960.5 | 615.5 | 33 |
| M2R1 | 5664.7 | 3557.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1170.0 | 8145.0 | 9315.0 | 13055.8 | 3740.8 | 6 |
| M2R2 | 5534.0 | 2426.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1140.0 | 8145.0 | 9285.0 | 11076.9 | 1791.9 | 26 |
| M2R3 | 6417.3 | 1648.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1110.0 | 8145.0 | 9255.0 | 10979.3 | 1724.3 | 27 |
| M2R4 | 7143.0 | 1431.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1080.0 | 8145.0 | 9225.0 | 11576.0 | 2351.0 | 17 |
| M2R5 | 7839.6 | 992.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1050.0 | 8145.0 | 9195.0 | 11779.7 | 2584.7 | 15 |
| M2R6 | 7436.0 | 544.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1020.0 | 8145.0 | 9165.0 | 10537.2 | 1372.2 | 30 |
| M2R7 | 8492.7 | 606.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 990.0 | 8145.0 | 9135.0 | 12010.1 | 2875.1 | 8 |
| M2R8 | 8384.0 | 318.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 960.0 | 8145.0 | 9105.0 | 11408.0 | 2303.0 | 18 |
| M2R9 | 9683.3 | 180.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 930.0 | 8145.0 | 9075.0 | 12877.4 | 3802.4 | 5 |
| M3O | 8958.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 900.0 | 8145.0 | 9045.0 | 11646.3 | 2601.3 | 12 |
| M3P | 0.0 | 7820.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1568.0 | 8145.0 | 9713.0 | 12512.0 | 2799.0 | 9 |
| M3R1 | 3692.0 | 4406.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1501.2 | 8145.0 | 9646.2 | 11849.2 | 2203.0 | 22 |
| M3R2 | 4254.7 | 3734.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1434.4 | 8145.0 | 9579.4 | 11505.5 | 1926.1 | 25 |
| M3R3 | 6527.3 | 2166.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1367.6 | 8145.0 | 9512.6 | 11952.2 | 2439.6 | 16 |
| M3R4 | 8572.0 | 2886.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1300.8 | 8145.0 | 9445.8 | 15762.3 | 6316.5 | 1 |
| M3R5 | 7486.7 | 1162.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1234.0 | 8145.0 | 9379.0 | 11591.9 | 2212.9 | 21 |
| M3R6 | 7862.7 | 1117.3 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1167.2 | 8145.0 | 9312.2 | 12009.2 | 2697.0 | 10 |
| M3R7 | 9062.0 | 1066.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1100.4 | 8145.0 | 9245.4 | 13486.2 | 4240.8 | 2 |
| M3R8 | 9042.7 | 344.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1033.6 | 8145.0 | 9178.6 | 12305.9 | 3127.3 | 7 |
| M3R9 | 9506.0 | 370.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 966.8 | 8145.0 | 9111.8 | 12950.9 | 3839.1 | 4 |
处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort | 处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort | 处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort | 处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1O | 0.5430 | 18 | M1R8 | 0.5480 | 16 | M2R6 | 0.4926 | 30 | M3R4 | 0.6684 | 1 |
| M1P | 0.5210 | 23 | M1R9 | 0.5559 | 11 | M2R7 | 0.5170 | 25 | M3R5 | 0.5446 | 17 |
| M1R1 | 0.5773 | 7 | M2O | 0.5430 | 18 | M2R8 | 0.5641 | 10 | M3R6 | 0.5551 | 12 |
| M1R2 | 0.5345 | 20 | M2P | 0.5035 | 28 | M2R9 | 0.5664 | 9 | M3R7 | 0.5830 | 5 |
| M1R3 | 0.5265 | 21 | M2R1 | 0.5545 | 13 | M3O | 0.5430 | 18 | M3R8 | 0.5242 | 22 |
| M1R4 | 0.5817 | 6 | M2R2 | 0.5349 | 19 | M3P | 0.5508 | 15 | M3R9 | 0.6128 | 3 |
| M1R5 | 0.5205 | 24 | M2R3 | 0.5147 | 27 | M3R1 | 0.6427 | 2 | |||
| M1R6 | 0.4900 | 31 | M2R4 | 0.5527 | 14 | M3R2 | 0.5968 | 4 | |||
| M1R7 | 0.5160 | 26 | M2R5 | 0.5024 | 29 | M3R3 | 0.5711 | 8 |
Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation of forage of agronomic traits, nutritional components and net profit under different mixed sowing treatments
处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort | 处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort | 处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort | 处理 Treatment | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排序 Sort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1O | 0.5430 | 18 | M1R8 | 0.5480 | 16 | M2R6 | 0.4926 | 30 | M3R4 | 0.6684 | 1 |
| M1P | 0.5210 | 23 | M1R9 | 0.5559 | 11 | M2R7 | 0.5170 | 25 | M3R5 | 0.5446 | 17 |
| M1R1 | 0.5773 | 7 | M2O | 0.5430 | 18 | M2R8 | 0.5641 | 10 | M3R6 | 0.5551 | 12 |
| M1R2 | 0.5345 | 20 | M2P | 0.5035 | 28 | M2R9 | 0.5664 | 9 | M3R7 | 0.5830 | 5 |
| M1R3 | 0.5265 | 21 | M2R1 | 0.5545 | 13 | M3O | 0.5430 | 18 | M3R8 | 0.5242 | 22 |
| M1R4 | 0.5817 | 6 | M2R2 | 0.5349 | 19 | M3P | 0.5508 | 15 | M3R9 | 0.6128 | 3 |
| M1R5 | 0.5205 | 24 | M2R3 | 0.5147 | 27 | M3R1 | 0.6427 | 2 | |||
| M1R6 | 0.4900 | 31 | M2R4 | 0.5527 | 14 | M3R2 | 0.5968 | 4 | |||
| M1R7 | 0.5160 | 26 | M2R5 | 0.5024 | 29 | M3R3 | 0.5711 | 8 |
Fig.3 Effect path and effect strength of mixed sowing combination, mixed sowing ratio and their interaction on forage nutritional quality and the standardized effect value of each factor
| [1] | Ding Z Y, Lu R J, Liu C, et al. Temporal change characteristics of climatic and its relationships with atmospheric circulation patterns in Qinghai Lake basin. Advances in Earth Science, 2018, 33(3): 281-292. |
| 丁之勇, 鲁瑞洁, 刘畅, 等. 环青海湖地区气候变化特征及其季风环流因素. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(3): 281-292. | |
| [2] | Chen D D, Tian L H, Zhang D S, et al. Research progress of land desertification in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry, 2023(4): 42-46. |
| 陈冬冬, 田丽慧, 张登山, 等. 青藏高原土地沙化研究进展. 青海农林科技, 2023(4): 42-46. | |
| [3] | Shang Y C. Grassland ecology status and controlling measures in the area near the Qinghai Lake. Sichuan Grassland, 2006(6): 27-28. |
| 尚永成. 环青海湖地区草地生态环境现状及治理对策. 四川草原, 2006(6): 27-28. | |
| [4] | Shan L, Xu B C. Discussion on construction of stable artificial grassland in semi-arid area of Loess Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(2): 1-2. |
| 山仑, 徐炳成. 黄土高原半干旱地区建设稳定人工草地的探讨. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 1-2. | |
| [5] | Silva D C, Rathor P, Poudel P H, et al. Effects of drought stress on red clover-grass mixed stands compared to grass monoculture stands in nitrogen-deficient systems. Nitrogen, 2023, 4(4): 382-396. |
| [6] | Teng Z, Zhang Y L, Zhang Y X, et al. Grassland production performance and photosynthetic characteristics under different alfalfa densities and grass bean mixed sowing. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(8): 1618-1627. |
| 滕泽, 张永亮, 张玉霞, 等. 紫花苜蓿密度及禾豆混播方式下草地生产性能及光合特性. 草业科学, 2022, 39(8): 1618-1627. | |
| [7] | Miao F, Yu X, Tang X K, et al. The responses of stem and leaf functional traits of Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis to different mixed planting patterns. Agronomy, 2023, 13(11): 1-15. |
| [8] | Burris R H, Roberts G P. Biological nitrogen fixation. Annual Review of Nutrition,1993, 13: 317-335. |
| [9] | Ma X Y, Zhang Y C. Effects of intercropping oats and leguminous forage on root nodules and soil nutrients around Qinghai Lake. Qinghai Prataculture, 2024, 33(2): 9-13. |
| 马兴贇, 张永超. 青海湖环湖地区燕麦与豆科饲草混播对根瘤及土壤养分的影响. 青海草业, 2024, 33(2): 9-13. | |
| [10] | Zhang Z J, Hao X Y, Li F, et al. Effect of different variety and cutting time on yield and quality of forage oat in central and southern Heilongjiang Province. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(12): 2928-2938. |
| 张仲鹃, 郝曦煜, 李峰, 等. 黑龙江中南部不同品种和刈割时期对燕麦饲草产量和品质的影响. 草业科学, 2024, 41(12): 2928-2938. | |
| [11] | Tang Y L, Wang L, Wang H D, et al. Phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of oat germplasms. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2024, 30(6): 1236-1244. |
| 唐有林, 王蕾, 王寒冬, 等. 燕麦种质资源表型多样性及综合评价. 应用与环境生物学报, 2024, 30(6): 1236-1244. | |
| [12] | Liu W H, Yan H B, Zhou Q P, et al. Comparative experiment of 6 oats in Xining area. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2005, 35(1): 1-2. |
| 刘文辉, 颜红波, 周青平, 等. 西宁地区六种燕麦品种比较试验. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2005, 35(1): 1-2. | |
| [13] | Guo C Y, Wang W, De K J, et al. Effects of sowing methods on yield and quality of oats and forage peas. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(7): 1882-1890. |
| 郭常英, 王伟, 德科加, 等. 播种方式对燕麦和饲用豌豆饲草产量及品质的影响. 草地学报, 2022, 30(7): 1882-1890. | |
| [14] | Wang Y H, Zhang J F, Zhang J, et al. Effects of NaCl on interfacial properties of main common vetch seed storage proteins. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2023(1): 27-32. |
| 王宇慧, 张金凤, 张敬, 等. NaCl对箭筈豌豆主要贮藏蛋白界面性质的影响. 草学, 2023(1): 27-32. | |
| [15] | Pan D F, Zhang R B, Li D M, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance in the Vicia sativa germplasm at the seedling stage. Pratacultural Science, 2023, 40(1): 188-199. |
| 潘多锋, 张瑞博, 李道明, 等. 箭筈豌豆种质资源苗期抗旱性综合评价. 草业科学, 2023, 40(1): 188-199. | |
| [16] | Zhao B W, Zhan Y, Fang J Q, et al. Mixing ratios effects on production performance and quality in oat and common vetch intercropping systems. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2024, 46(3): 81-90. |
| 赵保文, 詹圆, 方嘉琪, 等. 混播比例对燕麦与箭筈豌豆生产性能的影响. 中国草地学报, 2024, 46(3): 81-90. | |
| [17] | Liu Q, Qiao X F, Tao Y, et al. Effects of mixed sowing of oats and forage peas on forage yield and quality. China Dairy Cattle, 2022(10): 62-66. |
| 柳茜, 乔雪峰, 陶雅, 等. 燕麦与饲用豌豆混播对饲草产量和品质的影响. 中国奶牛, 2022(10): 62-66. | |
| [18] | Feng T X, De K J, Xiang X M, et al. Optimal combination and proportion of triticale and leguminous forage grass in established artificial grassland at Three-river Source Region. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2023, 32(2): 232-241. |
| 冯廷旭, 德科加, 向雪梅, 等. 三江源区小黑麦与豆科饲草混播最佳组合及比例研究. 西北农业学报, 2023, 32(2): 232-241. | |
| [19] | Ma W Y, Cao D, Liu B L, et al. Analysis on difference of agronomic characters and nutritional quality of mixed sowing for triticale and pea in the Qaidam Basin. Journal of Biology, 2024, 41(6): 74-81. |
| 马文艳, 曹东, 刘宝龙, 等. 柴达木盆地小黑麦与豌豆混播饲草农艺性状和营养品质差异分析. 生物学杂志, 2024, 41(6): 74-81. | |
| [20] | Wang X J, Wang J L, Ju Z L, et al. Comprehensive evaluation on production performance and nutritional quality of different varieties of forage oat in the Qinghai Lake area. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3730-3742. |
| 王小军, 王金兰, 琚泽亮, 等. 环青海湖地区不同饲用燕麦品种生产性能和营养品质综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(19): 3730-3742. | |
| [21] | Bao S D. Agrochemical analysis of soil. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2001. |
| 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001. | |
| [22] | Linn J G, Martin N P. Forage quality analyses and interpretation. Veterinary Clinics of North America Food-Animal Practice, 1991, 7(2): 509-523. |
| [23] | Li F, De K J, Feng T X, et al. Research progress on productivity, soil nutrients and rhizosphere microorganisms of grass-legume mixed grassland. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2024, 54(3): 39-47. |
| 李菲, 德科加, 冯廷旭, 等. 禾豆混播草地生产力、土壤养分和根际微生物研究进展. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2024, 54(3): 39-47. | |
| [24] | Shao C H, Xu Q, Shi Z Q, et al. Studies on the forage yield of the mixture of triticaleand legume in the farming-pastoral ecotone of Xiahe. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(10): 2791-2801. |
| 邵春慧, 徐强, 史志强, 等. 夏河农牧交错区小黑麦与豆科牧草混播的生产性能研究. 草地学报, 2022, 30(10): 2791-2801. | |
| [25] | Ma J P, Zhang Y Y, Wang T F, et al. Interspecific relationship and forage productivity effects in mixed sowings of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 111-122. |
| 马江萍, 张译尹, 王腾飞, 等. 饲用高粱与拉巴豆混播对种间关系及草地生产力的影响. 草业学报, 2025, 34(3): 111-122. | |
| [26] | Gang Y H, Zhang H B, Chen Y L, et al. Mixture combination and mixed ratio of triticale and legumes in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai. Pratacultural Science, 2021, 38(11): 2274-2285. |
| 刚永和, 张海博, 陈永珑, 等. 青海东部农区小黑麦与豆科牧草的混播组合与混播比例. 草业科学, 2021, 38(11): 2274-2285. | |
| [27] | Wang J N, Wei Y Q, Zhang L, et al. Alpine ecology study in the name of mountains. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(8): 1781-1787. |
| 王金牛, 魏彦强, 张林, 等. “以山为名”的高寒生态研究. 草业科学, 2024, 41(8): 1781-1787. | |
| [28] | Liu W. Research on mechanism improving production efficiency of oats and peas on agronomic traits, silage quality and beef cattle performance. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. |
| 刘温. 燕麦-豌豆混播饲草型日粮调制对肉牛生产效率提升机制的研究. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2023. | |
| [29] | Qi W J, Du W H, Liu H B, et al. Study on the production performance and nutritive value of annual mixed grass-legume in the rainfed plateau area of Longdong. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2023, 45(12): 42-50. |
| 齐文嘉, 杜文华, 刘海波, 等. 陇东旱塬区一年生禾豆混播草地生产性能与营养价值研究. 中国草地学报, 2023, 45(12): 42-50. | |
| [30] | Guo C Y, Xu C T, Pu X J, et al. Oat and forage pea mixed sowing improves soil chemical fertility and fresh and dry mass yield in light saline-alkali land: preliminary results. Agronomy, 2025, 15(2): 297. |
| [31] | Luo F, Mi W B, Li W, et al. Effects of planting patterns on forage yield and nutritional quality in different alpine ecological regions. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(8): 1934-1947. |
| 罗峰, 米文博, 李文, 等. 不同高寒草地生态区种植模式对饲草产量和营养品质的影响. 草业科学, 2024, 41(8): 1934-1947. | |
| [32] | Wei K T, Xiang H, Liu Y F, et al. Mixed cropping of Medicago ruthenica-Bromus inermis exhibits higher yield and quality advantages in the Longxi loess plateau region of northwest China. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2024, 8: 1411687. |
| [33] | Casler M D. Breeding forage crops for increased nutritional value. Advances in Agronomy, 2001, 71: 51-107. |
| [1] | Shi-yu PENG, Qi-shun MO, Qiong-bo LIU, Yan-lin RAN, Feng YANG, Li-li NIU, Ting-tao YANG, Zhi-hong CHEN, Sheng-jiang HE, Chao CHEN, Zhou LI. Comprehensive evaluation and screening of silage maize varieties in multiple ecological regions of Guizhou Province based on grey relational analysis and a DTOPSIS framework [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(9): 113-128. |
| [2] | De-feng HUANG, Ke-ke LI, Ke LAI, Jie BAN, Shuo WANG, Bo-kang QI, Xiao-wen ZHANG, Zhi-qiang ZHONG, Xiao-chen DENG, Xian-jun YUAN. Evaluation of yield, nutritional quality and silage quality of 18 oat varieties in Shigatse [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 84-96. |
| [3] | Jia-yi YONG, Jia-xi YONG, Ying ZHANG, Hai-ying HU. Regrowth and forage quality responses to stubble height in five oat varieties [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 97-111. |
| [4] | Bo-hong ZHANG, Xiang MA, Ze-liang JU, Lian-xue DUAN, Xiao-jun WANG, Zhi-feng JIA. Genetic diversity analysis and multi-trait evaluation of oat germplasm under different ecological conditions [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 151-164. |
| [5] | Fei LI, Lin ZHANG, Ke-jia DE, Ting-xu FENG, Wei-shan LIN, Xue-mei XIANG, Xi-jie WEI. Effects of mixed sowing of oat and common vetch on the microbial diversity of inter-root soil in the Sanjiangyuan region [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 99-112. |
| [6] | Yi-bo WANG, Xue-hua MING, Jian-yong ZHANG, Qi YUAN, Jian-ming DU, Bin WANG, Teng-fei WANG, Yi-yin ZHANG, Jian LAN, Le MU. Multi-trait evaluation of the production performance and seed yield of new oat germplasm materials in the arid area of Ningxia [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 86-99. |
| [7] | Jian-jian LI, Xi-wen XU, Yuan ZHANG, Huan WANG, Hao-ran WANG, Xiao-hui LI, Hui-quan SHEN, Shao-bin SHEN, Jun-qin ZONG, Hai-lin GUO. Evaluation of major agronomic traits and nutritional quality of forage barley varieties in the Nanjing region [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 114-127. |
| [8] | Hao-bin JIA, Hao-yun JIANG, Ai-hua LI, Hai-bo WANG, Sun-quan LIN, Yue PAN, Jun-hong HUO, Jin-shun ZHAN. Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on the growth rate, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen fermentation of Guangfeng goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 170-184. |
| [9] | Xiang MA, Zhong-xing LI, Rong-chen YANG, Ze-liang JU, Zhi-feng JIA, Pei-zhi YANG. The effect of salt stress on sugar and endogenous hormone content in oat varieties with contrasting salt tolerance [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 235-244. |
| [10] | Jian-min DU, Zhan-jun WANG, Wei WANG, Xue-peng MA, Dong-ning LI, Ji-xiang LI. Response of drying rate and nutrient content changes to the main environmental factors during alfalfa natural drying in irrigation areas [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(2): 131-142. |
| [11] | Kong-tao WEI, Chun-ping ZHANG, Yang YU, Zheng-she ZHANG, Ze ZHOU, Xue ZHANG, Xin-xin WANG, Si-yu YUE, Quan CAO, Quan-min DONG. Yield performance, nutritional quality, and soil physicochemical responses of oat (Avena sativa) cultivars in the Qinghai Lake-Gonghe Basin region [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 107-118. |
| [12] | Ying ZHANG, Shan-mu HE, Ao-lei HE, Chang-ning LI, Tuo YAO. Effects of microbial inoculants combined with organic calcium protein on alfalfa growth and soil enzyme activity [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(1): 25-39. |
| [13] | Zhi-peng ZHANG, Qing-xue JIANG, Xin-yue ZHOU, Tong MIAO, Jun TANG, Deng-xia YI, Xue-min WANG, Lin MA. Screening of candidate genes for plant height in forage oat (Avena sativa) through combined transcriptome and proteome analysis [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(9): 147-161. |
| [14] | Chang-qing LI, Ya-ru SONG, Fan XIAO, Chun-yu MIAO, Meng-yu SUN, Meng JI, Zhi-mei SUN. Analysis of main agronomic traits of low-fertility-tolerant and high-yielding maize varieties [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(9): 97-110. |
| [15] | Ling-fei XIANG, Feng-ju ZHANG, Dong-mei MA, Jin-long LIU, Jian LAN, Jian-qiang DENG, Hai-ying HU, Bin WANG, Chun-jiang CAI, Qiao-li MA. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rationing on production performance and nutritional quality of Echinochloa frumentacea in saline soil [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(7): 185-195. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||