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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 198-210.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025382

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Mixed sowing with different combinations of oat and annual leguminous forages in the Qinghai Lake area

Qi-lin ZHANG(), Xiao-jun WANG, Jing LI, Chong-qing CHENG, Guo-ling LIANG, Wen-hui LIU, Ze-liang JU, Zhi-feng JIA, Xiang MA, Wen LI()   

  1. Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2025-09-23 Revised:2025-11-10 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-07-27
  • Contact: Wen LI

Abstract:

Forage plants in artificial grassland in the Qinghai Lake area exhibit low productivity and poor quality. The aim of this work, therefore, was to improve the yield and quality of forage production in this area. To this end, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects of mixed sowing with Avena sativa ‘Qingyan No.4’ with Pisum sativum ‘Qingjian No.1’, Vicia sativa, and P. sativum ‘A-61’ at different ratios. The effects of different mixed sowing combinations on agronomic traits, nutritional components, relative feeding value, and economic benefits of forage were analyzed to identify the best mixed sowing combination for forage production in the Qinghai Lake area. The results show that under the same mixture ratio, ‘Qingyan No.4’ and‘A-61’ mixed forage exhibited better production performance than other mixed sowing combinations. Under the same mixed sowing combination, the total hay yield and net profit of forage showed an overall upward trend as the proportion of‘Qingyan No.4’ increased, while the crude protein content showed a downward trend. The highest forage hay yield (11458.7 kg·ha-1) and net profit (6316.5 CNY·ha-1) were in the mixed sowing treatment of ‘Qingyan No.4’ and ‘A-61’at a ratio of 4∶6. The highest crude protein content of forage (21.0%) was in the mixed sowing treatment of ‘Qingyan No.4’ and‘A-61’at a ratio of 1∶9, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in this treatment than in the other treatments. The structural equation model showed that mixed sowing combination, mixture ratio, and their interaction had an indirect effect on forage nutritional quality, mainly by affecting legume yield. A multivariate evaluation based on grey correlation analysis showed that the best mixed sowing treatment in terms of high yield, high quality, and high benefit was ‘Qingyan No.4’ and‘A-61’ at a ratio of 4∶6. This mixed sowing combination should be applied in practice to achieve high-yielding and high-quality forage production in the Qinghai Lake area.

Key words: Qinghai Lake area, oat, field pea, common vetch, agronomic traits, nutritional quality