草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 175-184.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025236
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
刘娜娜1,2(
), 刘艳梅1,2(
), 杨航宇3(
), 张媛琦1,2, 李堃1,2
收稿日期:2025-06-16
修回日期:2025-08-08
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
刘艳梅,杨航宇
作者简介:yhy-780601@163.com基金资助:
Na-na LIU1,2(
), Yan-mei LIU1,2(
), Hang-yu YANG3(
), Yuan-qi ZHANG1,2, Kun LI1,2
Received:2025-06-16
Revised:2025-08-08
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Yan-mei LIU,Hang-yu YANG
摘要:
草甘膦已成为全球使用量最大和使用范围最广的除草剂之一,但其过度使用会威胁生态环境,如何降解土壤中草甘膦农药残留已成为人类面临的重大难题之一。本试验以大豆、油菜、野豌豆、二月兰、葱和板蓝根6种植物为研究对象,测定其生长45和90 d后对两种浓度草甘膦(0.05和0.25 mg·kg-1)的降解效应,并用土壤微生物量碳氮和土壤酶活性表征其对土壤的修复效应。结果表明:生长45 d后,草甘膦浓度为0.05 mg·kg-1时,油菜、大豆和野豌豆对草甘膦的降解率分别为49.1%、48.4%和48.1%;草甘膦浓度为0.25 mg·kg-1时,降解率分别为66.9%、61.2%和62.2%,其他植物对草甘膦的降解率影响效果不理想;大豆和野豌豆可显著提高草甘膦残留土壤的微生物量碳氮含量(P<0.05),表明其可促进土壤微生物的繁衍;大豆和野豌豆可显著提高草甘膦残留土壤的β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰-氨基半乳糖苷酶和土壤碱性磷酸酶活性。表明其可促进土壤碳、氮、磷元素的循环,其他植物对草甘膦残留土壤的微生物量碳氮和酶活性影响效果不显著。因此,果树行间种植大豆和野豌豆可通过促进微生物的繁衍,加速土壤营养元素的循环,进而降解土壤草甘膦农药的残留,达到改良土壤质量的效果。
刘娜娜, 刘艳梅, 杨航宇, 张媛琦, 李堃. 种植作物对土壤草甘膦农药的降解效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 175-184.
Na-na LIU, Yan-mei LIU, Hang-yu YANG, Yuan-qi ZHANG, Kun LI. The degradation effects of soil glyphosate pesticide by plant crops[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 175-184.
图1 种植作物对土壤草甘膦的降解效果不同小写字母表示同一时间不同种植作物间在P<0.05水平上差异显著,误差为标准误。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different plant crops at the same time at the P<0.05 level, the error represents the standard error.
Fig.1 Degradation effects of plant crops on soil glyphosate
图2 种植作物对草甘膦残留土壤微生物量碳的影响A:二月兰 O. violaceus;B:大豆 G. max;C:野豌豆 V. sepium;D:板蓝根 R. isatidis;E:油菜 B. napus;F:葱 A. fistulosum. 下同The same below.不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平上差异显著,下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level, the same below.
Fig.2 The effects of plant crops on microbial biomass carbon in glyphosate-residual soil
指标 Index | 变异来源 Source of variation | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤微生物量碳 Soil microbial biomass carbon | 植物类型Plant type | 64642.85 | 6 | 10773.81*** | 15.51 |
| 农药浓度Pesticide concentration | 4327.15 | 1 | 4327.15* | 6.23 | |
植物类型×农药浓度 Plant type×pesticide concentration | 28956.41 | 6 | 4826.07*** | 6.95 | |
土壤微生物量氮 Soil microbial biomass nitrogen | 植物类型Plant type | 113048.91 | 6 | 18841.49*** | 124.50 |
| 农药浓度Pesticide concentration | 1619.20 | 1 | 1619.20** | 10.70 | |
植物类型×农药浓度 Plant type×pesticide concentration | 1860.65 | 6 | 310.11ns | 2.05 |
表1 种植作物降解草甘膦后对土壤微生物量碳氮影响的多因素分析
Table 1 Multifactorial analysis of plant crops on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen after the degradation of glyphosate
指标 Index | 变异来源 Source of variation | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤微生物量碳 Soil microbial biomass carbon | 植物类型Plant type | 64642.85 | 6 | 10773.81*** | 15.51 |
| 农药浓度Pesticide concentration | 4327.15 | 1 | 4327.15* | 6.23 | |
植物类型×农药浓度 Plant type×pesticide concentration | 28956.41 | 6 | 4826.07*** | 6.95 | |
土壤微生物量氮 Soil microbial biomass nitrogen | 植物类型Plant type | 113048.91 | 6 | 18841.49*** | 124.50 |
| 农药浓度Pesticide concentration | 1619.20 | 1 | 1619.20** | 10.70 | |
植物类型×农药浓度 Plant type×pesticide concentration | 1860.65 | 6 | 310.11ns | 2.05 |
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