Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 227-238.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024347
Zong-yang KUANG1(
), Lin MU1, Lan WEI1, Yang GUO1, Gui XU1, Yao CHEN1, Xue-yun SHI1, Zhong-shan WEI2, Zhi-fei ZHANG1(
)
Received:2024-09-09
Revised:2024-10-31
Online:2025-06-20
Published:2025-04-03
Contact:
Zhi-fei ZHANG
Zong-yang KUANG, Lin MU, Lan WEI, Yang GUO, Gui XU, Yao CHEN, Xue-yun SHI, Zhong-shan WEI, Zhi-fei ZHANG. Effects of different mixture ratios and lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of mixed silage made from whole maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) plants[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 227-238.
青贮材料 Ensilage materials | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%DM) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全株玉米Whole-plant maize | 37.84±0.33 | 9.81±0.37 | 6.74±0.29 | 45.10±1.00 | 19.90±0.98 | 1.29±0.18 | 4.92±0.06 |
| 全株大豆Whole-plant soybean | 29.85±0.37 | 20.74±0.36 | 5.56±0.04 | 43.42±1.47 | 28.15±0.94 | 7.11±0.56 | 9.30±0.13 |
Table 1 Chemical composition of ensilage materials
青贮材料 Ensilage materials | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%DM) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全株玉米Whole-plant maize | 37.84±0.33 | 9.81±0.37 | 6.74±0.29 | 45.10±1.00 | 19.90±0.98 | 1.29±0.18 | 4.92±0.06 |
| 全株大豆Whole-plant soybean | 29.85±0.37 | 20.74±0.36 | 5.56±0.04 | 43.42±1.47 | 28.15±0.94 | 7.11±0.56 | 9.30±0.13 |
项目 Item | 指标 Index | 显著性 Significance | 大豆混合占比 Soybean mix proportion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
混合比例 Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂Lactic acid bacteria agent | 交互作用 Interactions | 相关性 Correlation# | ||
营养品质 Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter (%FW) | ** | ** | NS | -0.862** |
| 粗蛋白Crude protein (%DM) | ** | * | ** | 0.986** | |
| 可溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | ** | ** | NS | -0.863** | |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | -0.024 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | ** | ** | NS | 0.804** | |
| 酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.781** | |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.988** | |
| 粗灰分Crude ash (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.977** | |
发酵品质 Fermentation quality | pH值pH value | ** | ** | ** | 0.876** |
| 乳酸Lactic acid (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | -0.447** | |
| 乙酸Acetic acid (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.715** | |
| 丙酸Propionic acid (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.698** | |
| 丁酸Butyric acid (%DM) | ** | NS | NS | 0.488** | |
| 氨态氮/总氮Ammonia-N/total-N (%) | ** | ** | ** | 0.796** | |
| 有氧稳定时长Aerobic stability time (h) | ** | ** | ** | 0.758** | |
Table 2 Inter-subject effect test of whole maize-soybean mixed silage indexes
项目 Item | 指标 Index | 显著性 Significance | 大豆混合占比 Soybean mix proportion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
混合比例 Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂Lactic acid bacteria agent | 交互作用 Interactions | 相关性 Correlation# | ||
营养品质 Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter (%FW) | ** | ** | NS | -0.862** |
| 粗蛋白Crude protein (%DM) | ** | * | ** | 0.986** | |
| 可溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | ** | ** | NS | -0.863** | |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | -0.024 | |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | ** | ** | NS | 0.804** | |
| 酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.781** | |
| 粗脂肪Ether extract (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.988** | |
| 粗灰分Crude ash (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.977** | |
发酵品质 Fermentation quality | pH值pH value | ** | ** | ** | 0.876** |
| 乳酸Lactic acid (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | -0.447** | |
| 乙酸Acetic acid (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.715** | |
| 丙酸Propionic acid (%DM) | ** | ** | ** | 0.698** | |
| 丁酸Butyric acid (%DM) | ** | NS | NS | 0.488** | |
| 氨态氮/总氮Ammonia-N/total-N (%) | ** | ** | ** | 0.796** | |
| 有氧稳定时长Aerobic stability time (h) | ** | ** | ** | 0.758** | |
混合 比例Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂 Lactic acid bacteria agent | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 酸性洗涤木质素 Acid detergent lignin (%DM) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%DM) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | LB | 33.99±0.42Ab | 8.34±0.10Eb | 1.42±0.14Aa | 48.58±0.68Ab | 23.49±1.90Cab | 1.56±0.21Db | 2.18±0.12Ea | 4.50±0.02Eb |
| LP | 36.53±0.39Aa | 8.57±0.22Eb | 1.18±0.09Aa | 48.21±1.27Ab | 21.05±1.59Db | 1.19±0.02Ec | 1.25±0.10Eb | 4.04±0.06Ec | |
| L0 | 34.49±0.63Ab | 9.38±0.23Ea | 1.43±0.13Aa | 51.95±1.13Aa | 24.89±0.39Ca | 2.39±0.12Ea | 2.27±0.04Ea | 4.73±0.03Ea | |
| A2 | LB | 32.63±0.47Bb | 14.09±0.08Da | 1.17±0.00Ba | 49.57±1.67Aa | 24.61±0.33Ca | 2.51±0.10Cb | 5.65±0.29Da | 6.34±0.07Da |
| LP | 34.99±0.70Ba | 13.91±0.75Da | 1.06±0.02Ab | 43.50±1.14Cb | 21.43±0.33Db | 1.96±0.06Dc | 4.31±0.25Db | 5.36±0.04Dc | |
| L0 | 33.90±1.10ABab | 13.55±0.30Da | 1.25±0.07Ba | 49.73±2.05ABa | 24.75±2.61Ca | 3.33±0.52Da | 4.80±0.05Db | 5.63±0.03Db | |
| A3 | LB | 32.03±0.66Bb | 17.20±0.09Ca | 0.95±0.07Ca | 43.48±0.43Ba | 23.37±1.13Ca | 2.86±0.20BCb | 6.97±0.53Ca | 6.80±0.06Ca |
| LP | 34.24±0.83Ba | 15.63±0.15Cb | 0.92±0.04Ba | 42.99±1.61Cb | 24.45±1.17Ca | 3.97±0.22Ca | 6.56±0.19Ca | 6.04±0.03Cc | |
| L0 | 33.56±0.74ABab | 15.31±0.03Cc | 0.90±0.04Ca | 44.04±1.36Ca | 23.92±0.82Ca | 3.85±0.30Ca | 6.68±0.20Ca | 6.25±0.11Cb | |
| A4 | LB | 31.86±0.72Bb | 19.07±0.30Ba | 0.89±0.07Ca | 51.19±1.27Aa | 28.25±1.61Ba | 3.99±0.35Ab | 8.19±0.16Ba | 7.34±0.02Ba |
| LP | 32.46±0.31Ca | 18.54±0.07Bb | 0.85±0.05BCa | 46.87±0.64ABb | 27.55±0.19Ba | 4.63±0.09Bb | 7.63±0.17Bb | 7.14±0.01Bb | |
| L0 | 32.13±1.06Ba | 17.46±0.04Bc | 0.84±0.04Ca | 47.62±1.53Bb | 29.89±0.60Ba | 6.27±0.32Ba | 7.24±0.01Bc | 7.07±0.04Bc | |
| A5 | LB | 28.69±0.10Cb | 21.46±0.23Ab | 0.83±0.02Ca | 49.86±1.05Aa | 32.48±1.75Aab | 3.14±0.33Bc | 11.41±0.17Aa | 9.19±0.13Aab |
| LP | 29.37±0.13Da | 21.89±0.08Aa | 0.75±0.05Ca | 45.30±0.97BCb | 29.97±0.63Ab | 6.38±0.18Ab | 10.21±0.02Aa | 9.03±0.02Ab | |
| L0 | 29.09±0.27Cab | 21.65±0.08Aab | 0.79±0.04Ca | 51.81±0.52Aa | 34.80±0.21Aa | 8.60±0.13Aa | 11.33±0.20Aa | 9.36±0.05Aa |
Table 3 Nutritional quality of whole maize-soybean mixed silage
混合 比例Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂 Lactic acid bacteria agent | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 酸性洗涤木质素 Acid detergent lignin (%DM) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%DM) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | LB | 33.99±0.42Ab | 8.34±0.10Eb | 1.42±0.14Aa | 48.58±0.68Ab | 23.49±1.90Cab | 1.56±0.21Db | 2.18±0.12Ea | 4.50±0.02Eb |
| LP | 36.53±0.39Aa | 8.57±0.22Eb | 1.18±0.09Aa | 48.21±1.27Ab | 21.05±1.59Db | 1.19±0.02Ec | 1.25±0.10Eb | 4.04±0.06Ec | |
| L0 | 34.49±0.63Ab | 9.38±0.23Ea | 1.43±0.13Aa | 51.95±1.13Aa | 24.89±0.39Ca | 2.39±0.12Ea | 2.27±0.04Ea | 4.73±0.03Ea | |
| A2 | LB | 32.63±0.47Bb | 14.09±0.08Da | 1.17±0.00Ba | 49.57±1.67Aa | 24.61±0.33Ca | 2.51±0.10Cb | 5.65±0.29Da | 6.34±0.07Da |
| LP | 34.99±0.70Ba | 13.91±0.75Da | 1.06±0.02Ab | 43.50±1.14Cb | 21.43±0.33Db | 1.96±0.06Dc | 4.31±0.25Db | 5.36±0.04Dc | |
| L0 | 33.90±1.10ABab | 13.55±0.30Da | 1.25±0.07Ba | 49.73±2.05ABa | 24.75±2.61Ca | 3.33±0.52Da | 4.80±0.05Db | 5.63±0.03Db | |
| A3 | LB | 32.03±0.66Bb | 17.20±0.09Ca | 0.95±0.07Ca | 43.48±0.43Ba | 23.37±1.13Ca | 2.86±0.20BCb | 6.97±0.53Ca | 6.80±0.06Ca |
| LP | 34.24±0.83Ba | 15.63±0.15Cb | 0.92±0.04Ba | 42.99±1.61Cb | 24.45±1.17Ca | 3.97±0.22Ca | 6.56±0.19Ca | 6.04±0.03Cc | |
| L0 | 33.56±0.74ABab | 15.31±0.03Cc | 0.90±0.04Ca | 44.04±1.36Ca | 23.92±0.82Ca | 3.85±0.30Ca | 6.68±0.20Ca | 6.25±0.11Cb | |
| A4 | LB | 31.86±0.72Bb | 19.07±0.30Ba | 0.89±0.07Ca | 51.19±1.27Aa | 28.25±1.61Ba | 3.99±0.35Ab | 8.19±0.16Ba | 7.34±0.02Ba |
| LP | 32.46±0.31Ca | 18.54±0.07Bb | 0.85±0.05BCa | 46.87±0.64ABb | 27.55±0.19Ba | 4.63±0.09Bb | 7.63±0.17Bb | 7.14±0.01Bb | |
| L0 | 32.13±1.06Ba | 17.46±0.04Bc | 0.84±0.04Ca | 47.62±1.53Bb | 29.89±0.60Ba | 6.27±0.32Ba | 7.24±0.01Bc | 7.07±0.04Bc | |
| A5 | LB | 28.69±0.10Cb | 21.46±0.23Ab | 0.83±0.02Ca | 49.86±1.05Aa | 32.48±1.75Aab | 3.14±0.33Bc | 11.41±0.17Aa | 9.19±0.13Aab |
| LP | 29.37±0.13Da | 21.89±0.08Aa | 0.75±0.05Ca | 45.30±0.97BCb | 29.97±0.63Ab | 6.38±0.18Ab | 10.21±0.02Aa | 9.03±0.02Ab | |
| L0 | 29.09±0.27Cab | 21.65±0.08Aab | 0.79±0.04Ca | 51.81±0.52Aa | 34.80±0.21Aa | 8.60±0.13Aa | 11.33±0.20Aa | 9.36±0.05Aa |
混合比例 Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂 Lactic acid bacteria agent | pH值 pH value | 乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia-N/ total-N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | LB | 4.01±0.00Ea | 5.02±0.41Ac | 2.61±0.94Ba | ND | 0.03±0.02Aa | 8.65±0.31Ba |
| LP | 3.60±0.01Ec | 10.42±0.14Ba | 0.39±0.01Db | 0.21±0.01Cb | ND | 4.63±0.41Cb | |
| L0 | 3.75±0.01Eb | 7.56±0.30Bb | 1.04±0.28Cb | 0.39±0.01Ba | ND | 4.72±0.31Cb | |
| A2 | LB | 4.27±0.00Da | 3.22±0.47Bc | 3.17±0.51ABa | 0.14±0.02Ba | ND | 8.40±0.15Ba |
| LP | 3.79±0.01Dc | 14.94±1.18Aa | 0.52±0.04Db | 0.15±0.11Ca | ND | 4.62±0.34Cb | |
| L0 | 3.93±0.01Db | 9.97±0.57Ab | 1.28±0.35Cb | 0.30±0.01Ba | ND | 5.24±0.55Cb | |
| A3 | LB | 4.40±0.00Ca | 4.83±0.60ABc | 2.83±0.21Ba | 0.14±0.01Bb | ND | 8.42±0.62Ba |
| LP | 3.91±0.02Cc | 14.60±6.88Aa | 0.78±0.04Cc | 1.26±0.22Ba | ND | 6.87±0.15Ba | |
| L0 | 4.07±0.01Cb | 10.31±0.51Ab | 2.39±0.08Bb | 0.29±0.02Bab | ND | 7.07±0.93Ba | |
| A4 | LB | 4.50±0.02Ba | 5.32±1.44Ab | 2.87±0.08Ba | 0.15±0.01Bb | ND | 8.90±0.57Ba |
| LP | 4.07±0.03Bc | 10.03±0.94Ba | 3.18±0.18Ba | ND | 0.06±0.05Ba | 7.38±0.31Bb | |
| L0 | 4.30±0.02Bb | 10.10±0.66Aa | 2.51±0.96Ba | 0.30±0.05Ba | ND | 7.90±0.06Bb | |
| A5 | LB | 5.14±0.01Ac | 1.09±0.04Cc | 4.02±0.05Ab | 1.72±0.09Aa | 0.05±0.03Aa | 15.62±0.32Aa |
| LP | 5.25±0.01Aa | 1.59±0.03Ca | 3.91±0.03Ab | 1.91±0.34Aa | 0.01±0.01Aa | 12.52±0.15Ac | |
| L0 | 5.20±0.01Ab | 1.31±0.11Cb | 4.34±0.17Aa | 1.79±0.10Aa | 0.12±0.01Aa | 13.62±0.33Ab |
Table 4 Fermentation quality of whole maize-soybean mixed silage
混合比例 Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂 Lactic acid bacteria agent | pH值 pH value | 乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia-N/ total-N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | LB | 4.01±0.00Ea | 5.02±0.41Ac | 2.61±0.94Ba | ND | 0.03±0.02Aa | 8.65±0.31Ba |
| LP | 3.60±0.01Ec | 10.42±0.14Ba | 0.39±0.01Db | 0.21±0.01Cb | ND | 4.63±0.41Cb | |
| L0 | 3.75±0.01Eb | 7.56±0.30Bb | 1.04±0.28Cb | 0.39±0.01Ba | ND | 4.72±0.31Cb | |
| A2 | LB | 4.27±0.00Da | 3.22±0.47Bc | 3.17±0.51ABa | 0.14±0.02Ba | ND | 8.40±0.15Ba |
| LP | 3.79±0.01Dc | 14.94±1.18Aa | 0.52±0.04Db | 0.15±0.11Ca | ND | 4.62±0.34Cb | |
| L0 | 3.93±0.01Db | 9.97±0.57Ab | 1.28±0.35Cb | 0.30±0.01Ba | ND | 5.24±0.55Cb | |
| A3 | LB | 4.40±0.00Ca | 4.83±0.60ABc | 2.83±0.21Ba | 0.14±0.01Bb | ND | 8.42±0.62Ba |
| LP | 3.91±0.02Cc | 14.60±6.88Aa | 0.78±0.04Cc | 1.26±0.22Ba | ND | 6.87±0.15Ba | |
| L0 | 4.07±0.01Cb | 10.31±0.51Ab | 2.39±0.08Bb | 0.29±0.02Bab | ND | 7.07±0.93Ba | |
| A4 | LB | 4.50±0.02Ba | 5.32±1.44Ab | 2.87±0.08Ba | 0.15±0.01Bb | ND | 8.90±0.57Ba |
| LP | 4.07±0.03Bc | 10.03±0.94Ba | 3.18±0.18Ba | ND | 0.06±0.05Ba | 7.38±0.31Bb | |
| L0 | 4.30±0.02Bb | 10.10±0.66Aa | 2.51±0.96Ba | 0.30±0.05Ba | ND | 7.90±0.06Bb | |
| A5 | LB | 5.14±0.01Ac | 1.09±0.04Cc | 4.02±0.05Ab | 1.72±0.09Aa | 0.05±0.03Aa | 15.62±0.32Aa |
| LP | 5.25±0.01Aa | 1.59±0.03Ca | 3.91±0.03Ab | 1.91±0.34Aa | 0.01±0.01Aa | 12.52±0.15Ac | |
| L0 | 5.20±0.01Ab | 1.31±0.11Cb | 4.34±0.17Aa | 1.79±0.10Aa | 0.12±0.01Aa | 13.62±0.33Ab |
混合比例 Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂 Lactic acid bacteria agent | 加权关联度 Weighted correlation degree | 加权排名 Weighted ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | LB | 0.595 | 10 |
| LP | 0.649 | 3 | |
| L0 | 0.555 | 12 | |
| A2 | LB | 0.618 | 8 |
| LP | 0.683 | 1 | |
| L0 | 0.570 | 11 | |
| A3 | LB | 0.670 | 2 |
| LP | 0.632 | 4 | |
| L0 | 0.631 | 5 | |
| A4 | LB | 0.597 | 9 |
| LP | 0.621 | 7 | |
| L0 | 0.625 | 6 | |
| A5 | LB | 0.516 | 15 |
| LP | 0.540 | 13 | |
| L0 | 0.521 | 14 |
Table 5 Correlation and ranking of different mixing ratios and lactic acid bacteria additive groups
混合比例 Mixing ratio | 乳酸菌剂 Lactic acid bacteria agent | 加权关联度 Weighted correlation degree | 加权排名 Weighted ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 | LB | 0.595 | 10 |
| LP | 0.649 | 3 | |
| L0 | 0.555 | 12 | |
| A2 | LB | 0.618 | 8 |
| LP | 0.683 | 1 | |
| L0 | 0.570 | 11 | |
| A3 | LB | 0.670 | 2 |
| LP | 0.632 | 4 | |
| L0 | 0.631 | 5 | |
| A4 | LB | 0.597 | 9 |
| LP | 0.621 | 7 | |
| L0 | 0.625 | 6 | |
| A5 | LB | 0.516 | 15 |
| LP | 0.540 | 13 | |
| L0 | 0.521 | 14 |
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