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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 117-128.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025372

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The effects of biochar on the physiological responses and gene expression of Bromus inermis seedlings under saline-alkaline stress

Rui GAN1(), Guo-bin YANG2, Xiao-qing SUI1(), Jing QI1, Gui-li JIN1, Yu-xiang WANG1, Jian PENG3   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    3.Xinjiang Grassland Technical Promotion Station,Urumqi 830049,China
  • Received:2025-09-15 Revised:2025-12-24 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Xiao-qing SUI

Abstract:

Biochar is widely recognized for its ability to improve the properties and microstructure of saline-alkaline soils, thereby promoting plant growth. This study investigated biochar mitigating effects on Bromus inermis seedlings under saline-alkaline stress, and was conducted using B. inermis cultivar ‘Xinque No.3’in sulfate-type saline soil in Xinjiang, with five biochar application rates [0, 30, 50, 70, and 90 t·ha-1; control (T0), T1-T4, respectively]. The changes in seedling growth indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, physiological responses, and expression levels of salt-alkaline tolerance-related genes were analyzed. It was found that the optimal mitigating effect was achieved with 70 t·ha-1 biochar (T3): compared with the control. In T3, compared to the control, plant height, total biomass, root total length, and root surface area were increased (P<0.05) by 41.85%, 34.38%, 46.94%, and 63.98%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll (a+b) content were increased by 32.06% and 118.44%, respectively, with stable leaf anatomical structure, increased stomatal density, and intact vascular bundle development. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde was decreased significantly, accompanied by a synchronous reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity. At the molecular level, the expression levels of salt-alkaline tolerance-related genes such as BiBHLH, BiAP2/ERF, BiLRR, and BiABCC1 were significantly downregulated. In conclusion, in this experiment the application of 70 t·ha-1 of biochar effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of saline-alkaline stress on the growth of B. inermis seedlings, enhanced their growth performance and adaptability in saline-alkaline environments. This experiment provides research data to support the ecological utilization of B. inermis in localities with saline-alkaline soil.

Key words: biochar, saline-alkali stress, Bromus inermis, physiological characteristics, gene expression