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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 171-188.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024238

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

巨菌草对育肥从江香猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响

张敏1,2(), 杨锐1,2, 黄逸州3, 林芷昕2, 郑贤跃2, 刘庆华2, 高玉云2, 林冬梅1, 林占熺1(), 金灵1()   

  1. 1.福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心,福建 福州 350002
    2.福建农林大学动物科学学院,福建 福州 350002
    3.南靖绿明生态农业有限公司,福建 漳州 363602
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18 修回日期:2024-08-30 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 林占熺,金灵
  • 作者简介:lingjin5@fafu.edu.cn
    E-mail: lzxjuncao@163.com
    张敏(1998-),女,江西赣州人,硕士。E-mail: 1043979685@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1600500);福建省科技厅农业引导性(重点)项目(2023N0008);福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01587);中央引导地方科技发展资金定向项目(2022L3085);菌草及菌草食药用菌种质创新(KKy22001XA)

Effects of Pennisetum giganteum on the growth performance and intestinal health of finishing Congjiang Xiang pigs

Min ZHANG1,2(), Rui YANG1,2, Yi-zhou HUANG3, Zhi-xin LIN2, Xian-yue ZHENG2, Qing-hua LIU2, Yu-yun GAO2, Dong-mei LIN1, Zhan-xi LIN1(), Ling JIN1()   

  1. 1.China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China
    2.College of Animal Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China
    3.Nanjing Lvming Ecological Agriculture Co. ,Ltd. ,Zhangzhou 363602,China
  • Received:2024-06-18 Revised:2024-08-30 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-03-20
  • Contact: Zhan-xi LIN,Ling JIN

摘要:

本试验旨在探究巨菌草替代不同水平基础饲粮对育肥从江香猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响。选取6月龄体重相近的健康从江香猪30头,随机分为3组(每组5个重复,每个重复2头)。对照组饲喂100%基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别用新鲜青绿巨菌草替代10%、20%基础饲粮,试验期90 d。通过测定育肥从江香猪生长性能、肠道发育、肠道机械屏障和盲肠菌群结构,并进行经济效益分析,为巨菌草在猪的生产应用中提供理论依据。本试验主要结果如下:1)生长性能:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组育肥从江香猪生长性能及胴体性状各指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。巨菌草不计成本时,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组的增重成本降低8.73%,试验Ⅱ组降低11.59%;巨菌草按市场价格0.35元·kg-1计算时,试验Ⅰ组的增重成本降低2.78%,试验Ⅱ组增加1.35%。2)肠道发育:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组育肥从江香猪胃的相对重量显著提高(P<0.05),小肠相对重量有升高的趋势(P=0.092)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组育肥从江香猪回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)、空肠GLP-2和回肠IGF-1R基因表达量显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组育肥从江香猪回肠绒毛高度、V/C及空肠GLP-2基因表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。3)肠道免疫及机械屏障:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组育肥从江香猪回肠IFN-γ含量显著降低,试验Ⅱ组空肠TGF-β含量显著提高(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组回肠ZO-1基因表达量显著提高,试验Ⅱ组空肠Occludin基因表达量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)盲肠微生物区系:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组育肥从江香猪Shannon指数显著提高,链球菌属相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组毛螺菌科未分类菌属有上升趋势(P=0.065),螺旋体门(P=0.085)、密螺旋体属(P=0.085)有下降趋势。综上所述,巨菌草替代部分基础饲粮对育肥从江香猪生长性能、胴体性状无显著影响,但可提高经济效益并促进胃肠道的发育,提升肠道屏障功能,有利于肠道健康。巨菌草不计成本时,替代20%基础饲粮为宜,巨菌草按市场价格0.35元·kg-1计算时,替代10%基础饲粮为宜。

关键词: 巨菌草, 育肥从江香猪, 生长性能, 盲肠菌群, 肠道健康

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Pennisetum giganteum on the growth performance and intestinal health of finishing Congjiang Xiang pigs. Thirty 6-month-old healthy Congjiang Xiang pigs of similar weight were selected and randomly divided into three groups (five replicates per group, two pigs per replicate). The control group was fed with a basal diet, and experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with the basal diet with 10% and 20% (w/w) replaced with fresh P. giganteum. The experimental period was 90 days. The growth performance, intestinal development, and the structures of the intestinal mechanical barrier and cecal flora were analyzed, and the economic benefits were estimated. The main results were as follows: 1) Growth performance: Compared with the control group, groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed no significant differences in growth performance or carcass traits (P>0.05). When the cost of P. giganteum was not considered, groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ had lower weight gain costs (reduced by 8.73% and 11.59%, respectively) than that of the control group. When the cost of P. giganteum was calculated according to the market price of 0.35 CNY·kg-1, group Ⅰ still had a lower weight gain cost (2.78% lower) than that of the control, but the weight gain cost of experiment group Ⅱ was increased by 1.35%. 2) Intestinal development: Compared with the control group, groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ had significantly higher relative weight of the stomach (P<0.05), and a trend of higher relative weight of the small intestine (P=0.092). Compared with the control group, group Ⅰ showed significantly decreased ileal crypt depth (P<0.05), and significantly increased ileal height/crypt depth (V/C) and transcript levels of GLP-2 in the jejunum and IGF-1R in the ileum (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, group Ⅱ showed significantly increased ileal villus height, V/C, and gene transcript level of jejunal GLP-2P<0.05). 3) Intestinal immunity and mechanical barriers: Compared with the control group, groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed significantly decreased ileal IFN-γ content, and group Ⅱ showed significantly increased jejunal TGF-β content (P<0.05). Comparing gene transcript levels with those in the control, groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed significantly increased transcript levels of ZO-1 in the ileum (P<0.05), and group Ⅱ showed significantly increased transcript levels of Occludin in the jejunum (P<0.05). 4) Cecal microbes: Shannon index was significantly higher in both experimental groups than in the control (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly lower in both experimental groups than in the control (P<0.05). The experimental groups showed trends of increased abundance of unclassified_f__LachnospiraceaeP=0.065) and decreased abundance of Spirochaetota (P=0.085) and TreponemaP=0.085). In conclusion, replacing part of the basal diet with P. giganteum had no significant effect on the growth performance or carcass traits of finishing Congjiang Xiang pigs, but it improved the economic efficiency, promoted gastrointestinal tract development, and enhanced intestinal barrier function, which were conducive to intestinal health. These results show that 20% of the basal diet can be replaced with P. giganteum if its cost is not considered, and 10% of the basal diet can be replaced with P. giganteum if it is costed at the market price of 0.35 CNY·kg-1. These findings provide scientific data for assessing the application of P. giganteum in pig production.

Key words: Pennisetum giganteum, finishing Congjiang Xiang pigs, growth performance, cecal microflora, intestinal health