草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 198-208.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023191
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
张峰硕(), 季秋蓉(), 何婷莉, 苏曲杨昂毛, 王志有, 侯生珍, 桂林生()
收稿日期:
2023-06-09
修回日期:
2023-07-21
出版日期:
2024-03-20
发布日期:
2023-12-27
通讯作者:
桂林生
作者简介:
E-mail: guilinsheng1234@163.com基金资助:
Feng-shuo ZHANG(), Qiu-rong JI(), Ting-li HE, Qu-yang-ang-mao SU, Zhi-you WANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, lin-Sheng GUI()
Received:
2023-06-09
Revised:
2023-07-21
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
lin-Sheng GUI
摘要:
本试验旨在研究低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌肉品质、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成以及维生素和矿物质含量的影响。选取90只体重相近 [(15.60±0.10) kg],健康的高原型藏羊公羔,随机分为3组,每组30只,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊。日粮精料中蛋白水平为12%,3组分别为LP-L组(赖氨酸与蛋氨酸为1∶1);LP-M组(赖氨酸与蛋氨酸为2∶1);LP-H组(赖氨酸与蛋氨酸为3∶1)。试验期共97 d,其中7 d预饲期,90 d正试期。结果表明:1)解冻损失指标LP-L组显著低于LP-H组(P<0.05),蒸煮损失和剪切力指标LP-L组显著低于LP-M和LP-H组(P<0.05);2)添加不同氨基酸比例对各组肌肉中氨基酸的组成没有显著影响(P>0.05);3)在不饱和脂肪酸中,反式亚油酸、二十二碳三烯酸和十五碳烯酸含量LP-L组显著高于LP-M组(P<0.05);十七碳烯酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸LP-L组显著高于LP-M和LP-H组(P<0.05);4)α-维生素E、γ-维生素E和维生素E指标LP-L组显著高于LP-M组(P<0.05),矿物质元素钙LP-L组显著高于LP-M组(P<0.05)。综上所述,当日粮中赖氨酸与蛋氨酸比例为1∶1时能提高不饱和脂肪酸含量以及肉质中维生素和矿物质元素含量;且对氨基酸组成没有不良影响,并能有效改善肉品质。
张峰硕, 季秋蓉, 何婷莉, 苏曲杨昂毛, 王志有, 侯生珍, 桂林生. 低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌肉品质、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成以及维生素和矿物质含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(3): 198-208.
Feng-shuo ZHANG, Qiu-rong JI, Ting-li HE, Qu-yang-ang-mao SU, Zhi-you WANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, lin-Sheng GUI. Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on muscle quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and vitamin and mineral contents of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Tibetan sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 198-208.
项目 Items | LP-L (1∶1) | LP-M (2∶1) | LP-H (3∶1) |
---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredient | |||
玉米 Corn (%) | 52.19 | 53.00 | 53.00 |
小麦 Wheat (%) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
菜籽粕 Rape seed meal (%) | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
棉籽粕 Cotton seed meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
玉米胚芽粕 Maize germ meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
棕榈粕 Palm meal (%) | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.86 |
石粉 Limestone (%) | 0.50 | 0.63 | 1.00 |
小苏打 Baking soda (%) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
1% 预混料 1% premix (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
3.6% 预混料3.6% premix (%) | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
赖氨酸 Lysine (%) | 1.98 | 1.33 | 0.69 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine (%) | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.15 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | |||
消化能Digestible energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 12.70 | 12.82 | 12.82 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.97 | 12.03 | 12.03 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE, %) | 3.68 | 3.71 | 3.71 |
粗纤维 Crude fiber (CF, %) | 20.96 | 21.16 | 21.16 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 20.68 | 20.76 | 20.76 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 13.84 | 13.86 | 13.86 |
钙 Ca (%) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
磷 P (%) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
表1 日粮精料组成及营养水平
Table 1 Dietary concentrate composition and nutrient levels
项目 Items | LP-L (1∶1) | LP-M (2∶1) | LP-H (3∶1) |
---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredient | |||
玉米 Corn (%) | 52.19 | 53.00 | 53.00 |
小麦 Wheat (%) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
菜籽粕 Rape seed meal (%) | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
棉籽粕 Cotton seed meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
玉米胚芽粕 Maize germ meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
棕榈粕 Palm meal (%) | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.86 |
石粉 Limestone (%) | 0.50 | 0.63 | 1.00 |
小苏打 Baking soda (%) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
1% 预混料 1% premix (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
3.6% 预混料3.6% premix (%) | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
赖氨酸 Lysine (%) | 1.98 | 1.33 | 0.69 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine (%) | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.15 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | |||
消化能Digestible energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 12.70 | 12.82 | 12.82 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.97 | 12.03 | 12.03 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE, %) | 3.68 | 3.71 | 3.71 |
粗纤维 Crude fiber (CF, %) | 20.96 | 21.16 | 21.16 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 20.68 | 20.76 | 20.76 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 13.84 | 13.86 | 13.86 |
钙 Ca (%) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
磷 P (%) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
解冻损失Thawing loss (%) | 4.82±0.42b | 5.64±1.00ab | 7.22±0.67a | 0.048 |
蒸煮损失Cooking loss (%) | 25.51±1.86b | 30.45±1.50a | 31.76±1.01a | 0.029 |
系水力Water-holding capacity (%) | 86.52±0.78 | 84.00±2.18 | 83.06±1.77 | 0.356 |
剪切力Shear force (N) | 118.08±5.13b | 134.14±9.68a | 133.37±4.94a | 0.023 |
pH45min | 5.98±0.03 | 5.95±0.08 | 5.94±0.09 | 0.868 |
pH24h | 5.50±0.07 | 5.77±0.17 | 5.57±0.08 | 0.284 |
表2 低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌肉品质的影响
Table 2 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the quality of the longest muscle of the dorsal loin in Tibetan sheep
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
解冻损失Thawing loss (%) | 4.82±0.42b | 5.64±1.00ab | 7.22±0.67a | 0.048 |
蒸煮损失Cooking loss (%) | 25.51±1.86b | 30.45±1.50a | 31.76±1.01a | 0.029 |
系水力Water-holding capacity (%) | 86.52±0.78 | 84.00±2.18 | 83.06±1.77 | 0.356 |
剪切力Shear force (N) | 118.08±5.13b | 134.14±9.68a | 133.37±4.94a | 0.023 |
pH45min | 5.98±0.03 | 5.95±0.08 | 5.94±0.09 | 0.868 |
pH24h | 5.50±0.07 | 5.77±0.17 | 5.57±0.08 | 0.284 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid | ||||
精氨酸Arginine | 1.27±0.01 | 1.28±0.06 | 1.31±0.05 | 0.821 |
苏氨酸Threonine | 0.88±0.01 | 0.88±0.04 | 0.88±0.03 | 0.988 |
胱氨酸Cystine | 0.07±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.094 |
缬氨酸Valine | 0.99±0.02 | 1.01±0.05 | 1.01±0.02 | 0.905 |
甲硫氨酸Methionine | 0.49±0.01 | 0.51±0.03 | 0.48±0.01 | 0.543 |
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 0.90±0.02 | 0.92±0.08 | 0.91±0.03 | 0.910 |
亮氨酸Leucine | 1.59±0.03 | 1.61±0.08 | 1.61±0.03 | 0.961 |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 0.81±0.01 | 0.78±0.04 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.291 |
组氨酸Histidine | 0.87±0.02 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.92±0.03 | 0.748 |
赖氨酸Lysine | 1.36±0.02 | 1.38±0.07 | 1.37±0.03 | 0.946 |
非必需氨基酸Non essential amino acids | ||||
酪氨酸Tyrosine | 0.69±0.01 | 0.68±0.03 | 0.65±0.01 | 0.459 |
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 1.74±0.02 | 1.79±0.09 | 1.76±0.04 | 0.869 |
丝氨酸Serine | 0.78±0.01 | 0.77±0.04 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.922 |
谷氨酸Glutamate | 2.93±0.05 | 2.91±0.16 | 2.94±0.09 | 0.976 |
丙氨酸Alanine | 1.13±0.01 | 1.14±0.06 | 1.19±0.06 | 0.676 |
脯氨酸Proline | 0.79±0.01 | 0.81±0.04 | 0.86±0.08 | 0.623 |
甘氨酸Glycine | 0.96±0.03 | 1.00±0.06 | 1.11±0.14 | 0.526 |
氨基酸总量Total amino acids | 18.23±0.23 | 18.40±0.91 | 18.63±0.63 | 0.911 |
表3 低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌氨基酸组成的影响
Table 3 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the amino acid composition of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep (g·100 g-1)
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid | ||||
精氨酸Arginine | 1.27±0.01 | 1.28±0.06 | 1.31±0.05 | 0.821 |
苏氨酸Threonine | 0.88±0.01 | 0.88±0.04 | 0.88±0.03 | 0.988 |
胱氨酸Cystine | 0.07±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.094 |
缬氨酸Valine | 0.99±0.02 | 1.01±0.05 | 1.01±0.02 | 0.905 |
甲硫氨酸Methionine | 0.49±0.01 | 0.51±0.03 | 0.48±0.01 | 0.543 |
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 0.90±0.02 | 0.92±0.08 | 0.91±0.03 | 0.910 |
亮氨酸Leucine | 1.59±0.03 | 1.61±0.08 | 1.61±0.03 | 0.961 |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 0.81±0.01 | 0.78±0.04 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.291 |
组氨酸Histidine | 0.87±0.02 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.92±0.03 | 0.748 |
赖氨酸Lysine | 1.36±0.02 | 1.38±0.07 | 1.37±0.03 | 0.946 |
非必需氨基酸Non essential amino acids | ||||
酪氨酸Tyrosine | 0.69±0.01 | 0.68±0.03 | 0.65±0.01 | 0.459 |
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 1.74±0.02 | 1.79±0.09 | 1.76±0.04 | 0.869 |
丝氨酸Serine | 0.78±0.01 | 0.77±0.04 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.922 |
谷氨酸Glutamate | 2.93±0.05 | 2.91±0.16 | 2.94±0.09 | 0.976 |
丙氨酸Alanine | 1.13±0.01 | 1.14±0.06 | 1.19±0.06 | 0.676 |
脯氨酸Proline | 0.79±0.01 | 0.81±0.04 | 0.86±0.08 | 0.623 |
甘氨酸Glycine | 0.96±0.03 | 1.00±0.06 | 1.11±0.14 | 0.526 |
氨基酸总量Total amino acids | 18.23±0.23 | 18.40±0.91 | 18.63±0.63 | 0.911 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | ||||
癸酸C10:0 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.13±0.02 | 0.198 |
十四碳酸C14:0 | 3.71±0.20 | 3.76±0.43 | 3.09±0.31 | 0.343 |
十五碳酸C15:0 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.42±0.08 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.240 |
硬脂酸C18:0 | 13.07±0.97 | 15.63±1.72 | 14.90±0.64 | 0.361 |
棕榈酸C16:0 | 24.50±0.31 | 23.60±1.00 | 23.33±0.43 | 0.463 |
十七碳酸C17:0 | 0.75±0.05 | 0.91±0.12 | 0.80±0.07 | 0.050 |
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) | ||||
棕榈油酸C16:1 | 2.63±0.30 | 2.33±0.26 | 2.39±0.16 | 0.668 |
十七碳烯酸C17:1 | 0.96±0.10a | 0.63±0.04b | 0.79±0.13b | 0.027 |
二十碳烯酸C20:1 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.19±0.04 | 0.565 |
油酸C18:In9c | 40.27±1.19 | 36.93±0.90 | 37.40±2.06 | 0.293 |
亚油酸C18:2n6c | 4.93±0.33a | 3.26±0.19b | 3.98±0.09b | 0.006 |
反式亚油酸C18:2n6t | 0.45±0.01a | 0.36±0.01b | 0.41±0.04ab | 0.047 |
α-亚麻酸C18:3n6 | 0.42±0.09a | 0.24±0.02b | 0.29±0.01b | 0.039 |
二十碳二烯酸C20:2n | 0.49±0.02 | 0.56±0.11 | 0.59±0.15 | 0.805 |
二十二碳三烯酸C22:3n3 | 1.83±0.38a | 1.25±0.06b | 1.65±0.33ab | 0.041 |
二十碳四烯酸C20:4n | 0.15±0.01 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.20±0.04 | 0.418 |
十五碳烯酸C15:1 | 0.89±0.22a | 0.59±0.10b | 0.75±0.10ab | 0.037 |
表4 低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响
Table 4 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the fatty acid composition of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep (%)
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | ||||
癸酸C10:0 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.13±0.02 | 0.198 |
十四碳酸C14:0 | 3.71±0.20 | 3.76±0.43 | 3.09±0.31 | 0.343 |
十五碳酸C15:0 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.42±0.08 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.240 |
硬脂酸C18:0 | 13.07±0.97 | 15.63±1.72 | 14.90±0.64 | 0.361 |
棕榈酸C16:0 | 24.50±0.31 | 23.60±1.00 | 23.33±0.43 | 0.463 |
十七碳酸C17:0 | 0.75±0.05 | 0.91±0.12 | 0.80±0.07 | 0.050 |
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) | ||||
棕榈油酸C16:1 | 2.63±0.30 | 2.33±0.26 | 2.39±0.16 | 0.668 |
十七碳烯酸C17:1 | 0.96±0.10a | 0.63±0.04b | 0.79±0.13b | 0.027 |
二十碳烯酸C20:1 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.19±0.04 | 0.565 |
油酸C18:In9c | 40.27±1.19 | 36.93±0.90 | 37.40±2.06 | 0.293 |
亚油酸C18:2n6c | 4.93±0.33a | 3.26±0.19b | 3.98±0.09b | 0.006 |
反式亚油酸C18:2n6t | 0.45±0.01a | 0.36±0.01b | 0.41±0.04ab | 0.047 |
α-亚麻酸C18:3n6 | 0.42±0.09a | 0.24±0.02b | 0.29±0.01b | 0.039 |
二十碳二烯酸C20:2n | 0.49±0.02 | 0.56±0.11 | 0.59±0.15 | 0.805 |
二十二碳三烯酸C22:3n3 | 1.83±0.38a | 1.25±0.06b | 1.65±0.33ab | 0.041 |
二十碳四烯酸C20:4n | 0.15±0.01 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.20±0.04 | 0.418 |
十五碳烯酸C15:1 | 0.89±0.22a | 0.59±0.10b | 0.75±0.10ab | 0.037 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
维生素A Vitamin A (μg·100 g-1) | 5.087±0.566 | 2.893±0.417 | 5.083±1.279 | 0.186 |
α-维生素E α-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.134±0.007a | 0.106±0.007b | 0.125±0.005ab | 0.048 |
γ-维生素E γ-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.055±0.007a | 0.039±0.002b | 0.048±0.004ab | 0.017 |
维生素E Vitamin E (mg α-TE·100 g-1) | 0.139±0.008a | 0.110±0.007b | 0.130±0.007ab | 0.043 |
表5 低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌维生素含量的影响
Table 5 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the vitamin content of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
维生素A Vitamin A (μg·100 g-1) | 5.087±0.566 | 2.893±0.417 | 5.083±1.279 | 0.186 |
α-维生素E α-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.134±0.007a | 0.106±0.007b | 0.125±0.005ab | 0.048 |
γ-维生素E γ-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.055±0.007a | 0.039±0.002b | 0.048±0.004ab | 0.017 |
维生素E Vitamin E (mg α-TE·100 g-1) | 0.139±0.008a | 0.110±0.007b | 0.130±0.007ab | 0.043 |
项目Item | 组别 Group | P值P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
铁Fe | 13.833±0.267 | 12.533±0.876 | 12.900±0.173 | 0.286 |
硒Se | 0.024±0.002 | 0.024±0.007 | 0.025±0.006 | 0.794 |
钙Ca | 43.467±1.155a | 38.900±0.483b | 41.167±0.376ab | 0.021 |
锰Mn | 0.138±0.011 | 0.131±0.014 | 0.127±0.010 | 0.826 |
表6 低蛋白日粮中不同比例氨基酸对藏羊背腰最长肌矿物质含量的影响
Table 6 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the mineral content of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep (mg·kg-1)
项目Item | 组别 Group | P值P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
铁Fe | 13.833±0.267 | 12.533±0.876 | 12.900±0.173 | 0.286 |
硒Se | 0.024±0.002 | 0.024±0.007 | 0.025±0.006 | 0.794 |
钙Ca | 43.467±1.155a | 38.900±0.483b | 41.167±0.376ab | 0.021 |
锰Mn | 0.138±0.011 | 0.131±0.014 | 0.127±0.010 | 0.826 |
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