草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 94-108.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024154
欧翔(), 连海, 陈荣强, 邱静芸, 吴丽娟, 操贤洪, 张强, 雷小文()
收稿日期:
2024-04-30
修回日期:
2024-06-05
出版日期:
2025-02-20
发布日期:
2024-11-27
通讯作者:
雷小文
作者简介:
E-mail: 343224896@qq.com基金资助:
Xiang OU(), Hai LIAN, Rong-qiang CHEN, Jing-yun QIU, Li-juan WU, Xian-hong CAO, Qiang ZHANG, Xiao-wen LEI()
Received:
2024-04-30
Revised:
2024-06-05
Online:
2025-02-20
Published:
2024-11-27
Contact:
Xiao-wen LEI
摘要:
为探究不同施肥处理对种植王草修复稀土尾矿土壤的改良效果,设置化肥(CK)、沼液(Z)、腐熟牛粪(N)、腐熟牛粪+沼液(N+Z)、蚯蚓粪(Q)、蚯蚓粪+沼液(Q+Z)6个处理进行田间等氮量施肥试验,分析连续3年各处理对稀土尾矿土壤理化性质、酶活性及其相互作用规律的影响。结果表明:1)连续3年各组土壤容重呈下降趋势,最大持水量、毛管持水量、孔隙度、通气度、pH、有机质、氮、磷、钾、碱解氮、速效磷呈上升趋势;在修复第3年Q+Z组对土壤容重、持水量、孔隙度、通气度、pH、速效磷、速效钾的改良效果优于其他处理。2)连续3年N、N+Z、Q、Q+Z组土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性呈上升趋势,第3年均显著高于CK组,土壤脱氢酶活性仅N+Z组第1年显著高于同期CK组,其中Q组对土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性的提升优于其他处理。3)土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤容重呈极显著负相关,与pH、有机质、速效养分、持水量、孔隙度、通气度呈极显著相关,脱氢酶活性与全磷呈极显著相关,与全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质、毛管持水量、孔隙度、通气度显著相关。通过模糊数学隶属函数法进行综合评价发现,施用蚯蚓粪+沼液处理连续3年综合排序第一,可作为种植王草修复赣南离子型稀土尾矿土壤的最佳施肥处理。
欧翔, 连海, 陈荣强, 邱静芸, 吴丽娟, 操贤洪, 张强, 雷小文. 不同施肥处理种植王草后对稀土尾矿土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(2): 94-108.
Xiang OU, Hai LIAN, Rong-qiang CHEN, Jing-yun QIU, Li-juan WU, Xian-hong CAO, Qiang ZHANG, Xiao-wen LEI. Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity of rare earth mine tailings after planting king grass[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 94-108.
图1 研究区地理位置基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)3266号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改。Based on the standard map of GS (2019) 3266 of the standard map service network of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the boundary of the base map is not modified.
Fig. 1 Geographical location of study area
项目Items | 尾矿土壤Tailing soil | 非尾矿土壤Non-tailing soil |
---|---|---|
pH | 4.20±0.29 | 5.86±0.10 |
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 2.30±0.44 | 15.39±3.56 |
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 0.06±0.01 | 0.63±0.04 |
全磷Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 0.15±0.01 | 1.38±0.60 |
全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 10.53±0.89 | 19.66±2.55 |
碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 3.78±0.29 | 94.67±15.53 |
速效磷 Available phosphorus ( mg·kg-1) | 0.92±0.12 | 20.55±7.37 |
速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 56.68±3.95 | 875.50±122.39 |
容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 1.37±0.24 | 1.14±0.05 |
最大持水量 Maximum moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 266.86±28.91 | 510.27±5.76 |
毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 147.45±16.98 | 382.06±10.17 |
田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 139.71±17.46 | 229.80±22.97 |
土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity (%) | 36.54±2.08 | 58.16±4.55 |
土壤通气度 Soil aeration (%) | 19.76±1.39 | 30.16±2.09 |
表1 尾矿与非尾矿土壤理化性质
Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of tailings and non-tailings soil
项目Items | 尾矿土壤Tailing soil | 非尾矿土壤Non-tailing soil |
---|---|---|
pH | 4.20±0.29 | 5.86±0.10 |
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 2.30±0.44 | 15.39±3.56 |
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 0.06±0.01 | 0.63±0.04 |
全磷Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 0.15±0.01 | 1.38±0.60 |
全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 10.53±0.89 | 19.66±2.55 |
碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 3.78±0.29 | 94.67±15.53 |
速效磷 Available phosphorus ( mg·kg-1) | 0.92±0.12 | 20.55±7.37 |
速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) | 56.68±3.95 | 875.50±122.39 |
容重 Bulk density (g·cm-3) | 1.37±0.24 | 1.14±0.05 |
最大持水量 Maximum moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 266.86±28.91 | 510.27±5.76 |
毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 147.45±16.98 | 382.06±10.17 |
田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 139.71±17.46 | 229.80±22.97 |
土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity (%) | 36.54±2.08 | 58.16±4.55 |
土壤通气度 Soil aeration (%) | 19.76±1.39 | 30.16±2.09 |
项目Items | 沼液Biogas slurry | 腐熟牛粪Decomposed cow dung | 蚯蚓粪Earthworm cast |
---|---|---|---|
水分 Water content | - | 30.93±2.17 | 50.81±2.11 |
有机质 Organic matter | 0.79±0.04 | 47.80±4.13 | 42.34±1.10 |
全氮 Total nitrogen | 0.62±0.04 | 1.81±0.12 | 1.87±0.06 |
全磷 Total phosphorus | 0.09±0.01 | 1.54±0.30 | 3.15±0.07 |
全钾 Total potassium | 0.08±0.00 | 2.21±0.27 | 2.26±0.22 |
表2 沼液、腐熟牛粪、蚯蚓粪养分含量
Table 2 Nutrient content of biogas slurry, decomposed cow dung and earthworm cast (%)
项目Items | 沼液Biogas slurry | 腐熟牛粪Decomposed cow dung | 蚯蚓粪Earthworm cast |
---|---|---|---|
水分 Water content | - | 30.93±2.17 | 50.81±2.11 |
有机质 Organic matter | 0.79±0.04 | 47.80±4.13 | 42.34±1.10 |
全氮 Total nitrogen | 0.62±0.04 | 1.81±0.12 | 1.87±0.06 |
全磷 Total phosphorus | 0.09±0.01 | 1.54±0.30 | 3.15±0.07 |
全钾 Total potassium | 0.08±0.00 | 2.21±0.27 | 2.26±0.22 |
施肥用量Fertilization amount | 施肥种类Fertilization type | CK | Z | N | N+Z | Q | Q+Z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基肥用量 Ground fertilizer amounts | 沼液 Biogas slurry (t·hm-2) | 0 | 161.40 | 0 | 80.70 | 0 | 80.00 |
腐熟牛粪 Decomposed cow dung (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 0 | 0 | |
蚯蚓粪 Earthworm cast (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108.80 | 55.00 | |
氮总量 Total nitrogen (kg·hm-2) | 1000.00 | 1000.68 | 1000.13 | 1000.14 | 1000.80 | 1001.92 | |
磷总量Total phosphorus (kg·hm-2) | 1142.86 | 145.26 | 1232.00 | 688.63 | 3427.20 | 1804.50 | |
钾总量 Total potassium (kg·hm-2) | 1071.43 | 129.12 | 1768.00 | 948.56 | 2458.88 | 1307.00 | |
单次追肥用量 Single additional fertilizer amounts | 沼液 Biogas slurry (t·hm-2) | 0 | 80.70 | 0 | 40.30 | 0 | 40.00 |
腐熟牛粪 Decomposed cow dung (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 40.00 | 20.00 | 0 | 0 | |
蚯蚓粪 Earthworm cast (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54.40 | 27.50 | |
氮总量 Total nitrogen (kg·hm-2) | 500.00 | 500.34 | 500.07 | 499.89 | 500.40 | 500.96 | |
磷总量Total phosphorus (kg·hm-2) | 571.43 | 72.63 | 616.00 | 344.32 | 1713.60 | 902.25 | |
钾总量 Total potassium (kg·hm-2) | 535.71 | 64.56 | 884.00 | 474.28 | 1229.44 | 653.50 |
表3 各处理施肥用量
Table 3 Fertilization amount of each treatment
施肥用量Fertilization amount | 施肥种类Fertilization type | CK | Z | N | N+Z | Q | Q+Z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
基肥用量 Ground fertilizer amounts | 沼液 Biogas slurry (t·hm-2) | 0 | 161.40 | 0 | 80.70 | 0 | 80.00 |
腐熟牛粪 Decomposed cow dung (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 0 | 0 | |
蚯蚓粪 Earthworm cast (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108.80 | 55.00 | |
氮总量 Total nitrogen (kg·hm-2) | 1000.00 | 1000.68 | 1000.13 | 1000.14 | 1000.80 | 1001.92 | |
磷总量Total phosphorus (kg·hm-2) | 1142.86 | 145.26 | 1232.00 | 688.63 | 3427.20 | 1804.50 | |
钾总量 Total potassium (kg·hm-2) | 1071.43 | 129.12 | 1768.00 | 948.56 | 2458.88 | 1307.00 | |
单次追肥用量 Single additional fertilizer amounts | 沼液 Biogas slurry (t·hm-2) | 0 | 80.70 | 0 | 40.30 | 0 | 40.00 |
腐熟牛粪 Decomposed cow dung (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 40.00 | 20.00 | 0 | 0 | |
蚯蚓粪 Earthworm cast (t·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54.40 | 27.50 | |
氮总量 Total nitrogen (kg·hm-2) | 500.00 | 500.34 | 500.07 | 499.89 | 500.40 | 500.96 | |
磷总量Total phosphorus (kg·hm-2) | 571.43 | 72.63 | 616.00 | 344.32 | 1713.60 | 902.25 | |
钾总量 Total potassium (kg·hm-2) | 535.71 | 64.56 | 884.00 | 474.28 | 1229.44 | 653.50 |
土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties | 组Group | 年份Year | 组×年份Group×year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
pH | 64.07*** | <0.001 | 45.04*** | <0.001 | 6.04*** | <0.001 |
有机质 Organic matter | 1.93 | 0.114 | 82.23*** | <0.001 | 1.55 | 0.163 |
全氮 Total nitrogen | 7.28*** | <0.001 | 36.18*** | <0.001 | 2.54* | 0.020 |
全磷 Total phosphorus | 6.55*** | <0.001 | 7.54** | 0.002 | 0.49 | 0.886 |
全钾 Total potassium | 13.96*** | <0.001 | 101.49*** | <0.001 | 2.34* | 0.030 |
碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen | 47.32*** | <0.001 | 93.26*** | <0.001 | 9.91*** | <0.001 |
速效磷 Available phosphorus | 113.87*** | <0.001 | 4.55* | 0.017 | 1.85 | 0.087 |
速效钾 Available potassium | 54.93*** | <0.001 | 45.79*** | <0.001 | 1.56 | 0.160 |
容重 Bulk density | 113.02*** | <0.001 | 62.85*** | <0.001 | 3.29** | 0.004 |
最大持水量 Maximum moisture capacity | 153.58*** | <0.001 | 104.89*** | <0.001 | 3.24** | 0.004 |
毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity | 183.22*** | <0.001 | 89.43*** | <0.001 | 2.52* | 0.020 |
田间持水量 Field moisture capacity | 62.01*** | <0.001 | 7.47** | 0.002 | 2.97** | 0.008 |
土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity | 101.75*** | <0.001 | 70.65*** | <0.001 | 1.72 | 0.113 |
土壤通气度 Soil aeration | 31.78*** | <0.001 | 57.60*** | <0.001 | 3.44** | 0.003 |
表4 不同施肥处理对稀土尾矿土壤理化性质的双因素方差分析结果
Table 4 Two-way analysis of variance results of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties of rare earth tailings
土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical properties | 组Group | 年份Year | 组×年份Group×year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
pH | 64.07*** | <0.001 | 45.04*** | <0.001 | 6.04*** | <0.001 |
有机质 Organic matter | 1.93 | 0.114 | 82.23*** | <0.001 | 1.55 | 0.163 |
全氮 Total nitrogen | 7.28*** | <0.001 | 36.18*** | <0.001 | 2.54* | 0.020 |
全磷 Total phosphorus | 6.55*** | <0.001 | 7.54** | 0.002 | 0.49 | 0.886 |
全钾 Total potassium | 13.96*** | <0.001 | 101.49*** | <0.001 | 2.34* | 0.030 |
碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen | 47.32*** | <0.001 | 93.26*** | <0.001 | 9.91*** | <0.001 |
速效磷 Available phosphorus | 113.87*** | <0.001 | 4.55* | 0.017 | 1.85 | 0.087 |
速效钾 Available potassium | 54.93*** | <0.001 | 45.79*** | <0.001 | 1.56 | 0.160 |
容重 Bulk density | 113.02*** | <0.001 | 62.85*** | <0.001 | 3.29** | 0.004 |
最大持水量 Maximum moisture capacity | 153.58*** | <0.001 | 104.89*** | <0.001 | 3.24** | 0.004 |
毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity | 183.22*** | <0.001 | 89.43*** | <0.001 | 2.52* | 0.020 |
田间持水量 Field moisture capacity | 62.01*** | <0.001 | 7.47** | 0.002 | 2.97** | 0.008 |
土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity | 101.75*** | <0.001 | 70.65*** | <0.001 | 1.72 | 0.113 |
土壤通气度 Soil aeration | 31.78*** | <0.001 | 57.60*** | <0.001 | 3.44** | 0.003 |
图2 不同施肥处理对土壤容重的影响CK:化肥Chemical fertilizer;Z:沼液Biogas slurry;N:腐熟牛粪Decomposed cow dung;N+Z:腐熟牛粪+沼液Decomposed cow dung +biogas slurry;Q:蚯蚓粪Earthworm cast;Q+Z:蚯蚓粪+沼液Earthworm cast+biogas slurry。不同小写字母表示同一年份不同施肥处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicated that there were significant differences among different fertilization treatments in the same year (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil bulk density
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 最大持水量 Maximum moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity (%) | 土壤通气度 Soil aeration (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 2021 | 293.58±11.16c | 173.74±6.83c | 151.69±10.16e | 38.83±1.44c | 18.77±2.39bc |
2022 | 314.73±12.06e | 201.90±5.58e | 180.76±9.45c | 40.68±1.61d | 17.32±2.79d | |
2023 | 350.71±9.44d | 233.70±11.90d | 176.50±6.92d | 45.50±0.92c | 22.60±1.03c | |
Z | 2021 | 303.31±30.89c | 182.72±16.34c | 167.32±3.93d | 39.96±3.63c | 17.90±3.71c |
2022 | 329.55±4.12e | 214.54±3.80e | 194.74±8.44bc | 42.62±1.13d | 17.42±0.68d | |
2023 | 350.85±19.29d | 230.88±23.06d | 171.88±3.97d | 44.94±1.72c | 22.90±2.58c | |
N | 2021 | 368.19±11.08b | 261.60±15.29b | 190.50±7.09c | 46.90±0.80b | 22.63±0.62ab |
2022 | 380.04±17.59d | 268.13±12.50d | 211.61±21.50ab | 48.14±2.29c | 21.35±3.80c | |
2023 | 425.40±3.33c | 317.82±4.01c | 192.91±10.90c | 52.37±1.16b | 28.63±1.99b | |
N+Z | 2021 | 389.53±9.65b | 276.43±12.53b | 209.69±4.22b | 48.80±1.23ab | 22.53±0.69ab |
2022 | 407.21±7.77c | 286.51±8.68c | 207.24±6.99ab | 50.33±1.08c | 24.72±0.60bc | |
2023 | 486.18±4.01ab | 365.48±6.58b | 214.64±11.30b | 57.05±0.56a | 31.86±1.54a | |
Q | 2021 | 377.05±15.09b | 290.08±15.00b | 219.54±7.44b | 47.55±1.81b | 19.87±2.15abc |
2022 | 432.03±7.21b | 334.38±13.11b | 226.80±7.39a | 53.15±0.73b | 25.25±0.28b | |
2023 | 483.30±9.24b | 386.12±10.46ab | 224.50±4.32b | 57.02±0.63a | 30.53±0.65ab | |
Q+Z | 2021 | 435.20±27.82a | 342.42±37.15a | 234.60±7.62a | 52.42±2.99a | 24.16±2.56a |
2022 | 495.12±14.27a | 393.28±7.88a | 225.10±12.31a | 57.32±1.26a | 31.27±1.13a | |
2023 | 510.45±22.76a | 411.37±28.06a | 239.74±11.70a | 58.43±2.36a | 30.99±1.37ab |
表5 不同施肥处理对土壤持水量、孔隙度和通气度的影响
Table 5 Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil water holding capacity, porosity and aeration
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 最大持水量 Maximum moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 毛管持水量 Capillary moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (g·kg-1) | 土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity (%) | 土壤通气度 Soil aeration (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 2021 | 293.58±11.16c | 173.74±6.83c | 151.69±10.16e | 38.83±1.44c | 18.77±2.39bc |
2022 | 314.73±12.06e | 201.90±5.58e | 180.76±9.45c | 40.68±1.61d | 17.32±2.79d | |
2023 | 350.71±9.44d | 233.70±11.90d | 176.50±6.92d | 45.50±0.92c | 22.60±1.03c | |
Z | 2021 | 303.31±30.89c | 182.72±16.34c | 167.32±3.93d | 39.96±3.63c | 17.90±3.71c |
2022 | 329.55±4.12e | 214.54±3.80e | 194.74±8.44bc | 42.62±1.13d | 17.42±0.68d | |
2023 | 350.85±19.29d | 230.88±23.06d | 171.88±3.97d | 44.94±1.72c | 22.90±2.58c | |
N | 2021 | 368.19±11.08b | 261.60±15.29b | 190.50±7.09c | 46.90±0.80b | 22.63±0.62ab |
2022 | 380.04±17.59d | 268.13±12.50d | 211.61±21.50ab | 48.14±2.29c | 21.35±3.80c | |
2023 | 425.40±3.33c | 317.82±4.01c | 192.91±10.90c | 52.37±1.16b | 28.63±1.99b | |
N+Z | 2021 | 389.53±9.65b | 276.43±12.53b | 209.69±4.22b | 48.80±1.23ab | 22.53±0.69ab |
2022 | 407.21±7.77c | 286.51±8.68c | 207.24±6.99ab | 50.33±1.08c | 24.72±0.60bc | |
2023 | 486.18±4.01ab | 365.48±6.58b | 214.64±11.30b | 57.05±0.56a | 31.86±1.54a | |
Q | 2021 | 377.05±15.09b | 290.08±15.00b | 219.54±7.44b | 47.55±1.81b | 19.87±2.15abc |
2022 | 432.03±7.21b | 334.38±13.11b | 226.80±7.39a | 53.15±0.73b | 25.25±0.28b | |
2023 | 483.30±9.24b | 386.12±10.46ab | 224.50±4.32b | 57.02±0.63a | 30.53±0.65ab | |
Q+Z | 2021 | 435.20±27.82a | 342.42±37.15a | 234.60±7.62a | 52.42±2.99a | 24.16±2.56a |
2022 | 495.12±14.27a | 393.28±7.88a | 225.10±12.31a | 57.32±1.26a | 31.27±1.13a | |
2023 | 510.45±22.76a | 411.37±28.06a | 239.74±11.70a | 58.43±2.36a | 30.99±1.37ab |
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 有机质 Organic matter(g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen(mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 2021 | 2.31±0.33b | 0.27±0.09a | 0.15±0.03c | 10.91±0.99ab | 7.34±1.39b | 4.28±1.90a | 60.84±3.60c |
2022 | 7.35±1.16b | 0.53±0.03b | 0.17±0.01a | 12.88±0.93ab | 15.60±4.82b | 4.93±1.42d | 75.40±9.10b | |
2023 | 6.17±1.76b | 0.47±0.11a | 0.25±0.07c | 13.81±2.14ab | 25.78±2.32c | 5.00±2.00d | 72.67±8.62c | |
Z | 2021 | 3.00±1.75b | 0.15±0.06b | 0.16±0.02c | 9.45±1.20b | 9.67±0.83ab | 5.37±1.92a | 83.40±11.13c |
2022 | 9.65±2.91b | 0.49±0.04b | 0.19±0.04a | 9.35±3.46b | 38.51±9.98ab | 6.51±1.78cd | 85.54±14.82b | |
2023 | 8.35±1.93b | 0.43±0.18a | 0.22±0.08c | 10.49±2.49b | 46.72±14.01b | 8.50±1.82cd | 76.33±10.69c | |
N | 2021 | 13.19±1.20a | 0.12±0.03b | 0.19±0.04bc | 11.48±2.37ab | 13.01±3.07ab | 7.23±1.60a | 189.56±23.57b |
2022 | 16.07±2.38a | 0.51±0.12b | 0.23±0.12a | 13.67±3.16ab | 56.72±19.37a | 12.69±2.46abc | 227.37±39.49a | |
2023 | 21.10±3.04a | 0.64±0.19a | 0.35±0.06bc | 15.72±1.99a | 66.32±10.53a | 14.58±1.92bc | 194.67±27.59b | |
N+Z | 2021 | 11.92±1.57a | 0.12±0.03b | 0.23±0.07ab | 12.01±1.07a | 13.91±3.73ab | 6.07±1.87a | 242.68±23.71a |
2022 | 19.43±3.00a | 0.58±0.09b | 0.21±0.07a | 15.09±1.98a | 54.09±18.84a | 13.92±2.40ab | 272.84±37.78a | |
2023 | 19.48±4.07a | 0.63±0.15a | 0.34±0.07bc | 15.10±1.97a | 69.69±10.76a | 21.57±4.31ab | 191.67±30.75b | |
Q | 2021 | 13.72±1.37a | 0.12±0.05b | 0.27±0.03a | 13.06±1.17a | 14.54±4.92a | 9.16±1.76a | 276.51±56.17a |
2022 | 18.13±3.15a | 0.51±0.04b | 0.25±0.04a | 14.85±1.52a | 51.12±12.07a | 19.24±2.87a | 262.30±35.82a | |
2023 | 22.89±2.13a | 0.54±0.19a | 0.52±0.09a | 14.81±1.74a | 65.52±4.41a | 24.70±2.29a | 275.67±9.07a | |
Q+Z | 2021 | 12.15±2.54a | 0.14±0.04b | 0.19±0.01bc | 12.95±1.53a | 14.35±4.66a | 8.40±2.28a | 269.25±8.68a |
2022 | 21.23±2.45a | 0.71±0.05a | 0.17±0.07a | 14.31±2.20a | 62.74±12.01a | 12.26±1.88bc | 339.90±43.62a | |
2023 | 21.70±3.50a | 0.68±0.17a | 0.50±0.12ab | 14.78±1.82a | 61.45±5.59ab | 27.17±2.15a | 305.33±27.79a |
表6 不同施肥处理对土壤养分的影响
Table 6 Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrients
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 有机质 Organic matter(g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 全钾 Total potassium (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen(mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium(mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 2021 | 2.31±0.33b | 0.27±0.09a | 0.15±0.03c | 10.91±0.99ab | 7.34±1.39b | 4.28±1.90a | 60.84±3.60c |
2022 | 7.35±1.16b | 0.53±0.03b | 0.17±0.01a | 12.88±0.93ab | 15.60±4.82b | 4.93±1.42d | 75.40±9.10b | |
2023 | 6.17±1.76b | 0.47±0.11a | 0.25±0.07c | 13.81±2.14ab | 25.78±2.32c | 5.00±2.00d | 72.67±8.62c | |
Z | 2021 | 3.00±1.75b | 0.15±0.06b | 0.16±0.02c | 9.45±1.20b | 9.67±0.83ab | 5.37±1.92a | 83.40±11.13c |
2022 | 9.65±2.91b | 0.49±0.04b | 0.19±0.04a | 9.35±3.46b | 38.51±9.98ab | 6.51±1.78cd | 85.54±14.82b | |
2023 | 8.35±1.93b | 0.43±0.18a | 0.22±0.08c | 10.49±2.49b | 46.72±14.01b | 8.50±1.82cd | 76.33±10.69c | |
N | 2021 | 13.19±1.20a | 0.12±0.03b | 0.19±0.04bc | 11.48±2.37ab | 13.01±3.07ab | 7.23±1.60a | 189.56±23.57b |
2022 | 16.07±2.38a | 0.51±0.12b | 0.23±0.12a | 13.67±3.16ab | 56.72±19.37a | 12.69±2.46abc | 227.37±39.49a | |
2023 | 21.10±3.04a | 0.64±0.19a | 0.35±0.06bc | 15.72±1.99a | 66.32±10.53a | 14.58±1.92bc | 194.67±27.59b | |
N+Z | 2021 | 11.92±1.57a | 0.12±0.03b | 0.23±0.07ab | 12.01±1.07a | 13.91±3.73ab | 6.07±1.87a | 242.68±23.71a |
2022 | 19.43±3.00a | 0.58±0.09b | 0.21±0.07a | 15.09±1.98a | 54.09±18.84a | 13.92±2.40ab | 272.84±37.78a | |
2023 | 19.48±4.07a | 0.63±0.15a | 0.34±0.07bc | 15.10±1.97a | 69.69±10.76a | 21.57±4.31ab | 191.67±30.75b | |
Q | 2021 | 13.72±1.37a | 0.12±0.05b | 0.27±0.03a | 13.06±1.17a | 14.54±4.92a | 9.16±1.76a | 276.51±56.17a |
2022 | 18.13±3.15a | 0.51±0.04b | 0.25±0.04a | 14.85±1.52a | 51.12±12.07a | 19.24±2.87a | 262.30±35.82a | |
2023 | 22.89±2.13a | 0.54±0.19a | 0.52±0.09a | 14.81±1.74a | 65.52±4.41a | 24.70±2.29a | 275.67±9.07a | |
Q+Z | 2021 | 12.15±2.54a | 0.14±0.04b | 0.19±0.01bc | 12.95±1.53a | 14.35±4.66a | 8.40±2.28a | 269.25±8.68a |
2022 | 21.23±2.45a | 0.71±0.05a | 0.17±0.07a | 14.31±2.20a | 62.74±12.01a | 12.26±1.88bc | 339.90±43.62a | |
2023 | 21.70±3.50a | 0.68±0.17a | 0.50±0.12ab | 14.78±1.82a | 61.45±5.59ab | 27.17±2.15a | 305.33±27.79a |
酶种类 Kinds of enzyme | 组Group | 年份Year | 组×年份Group×year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
脲酶活性Urease activity | 30.76*** | <0.001 | 48.17*** | <0.001 | 4.57*** | <0.001 |
酸性磷酸酶活性Acid phosphatase activity | 110.03*** | <0.001 | 80.63*** | <0.001 | 7.28*** | <0.001 |
蔗糖酶活性Sucrase activity | 39.40*** | <0.001 | 13.25*** | <0.001 | 3.29** | 0.004 |
脱氢酶活性Dehydrogenase activity | 1.08 | 0.39 | 3.55* | 0.039 | 0.78 | 0.648 |
表7 不同施肥处理对稀土尾矿土壤酶活性的双因素方差分析
Table 7 Two-way analysis of variance of soil enzyme activity of rare earth tailings under different fertilization treatments
酶种类 Kinds of enzyme | 组Group | 年份Year | 组×年份Group×year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
脲酶活性Urease activity | 30.76*** | <0.001 | 48.17*** | <0.001 | 4.57*** | <0.001 |
酸性磷酸酶活性Acid phosphatase activity | 110.03*** | <0.001 | 80.63*** | <0.001 | 7.28*** | <0.001 |
蔗糖酶活性Sucrase activity | 39.40*** | <0.001 | 13.25*** | <0.001 | 3.29** | 0.004 |
脱氢酶活性Dehydrogenase activity | 1.08 | 0.39 | 3.55* | 0.039 | 0.78 | 0.648 |
图4 不同施肥处理对稀土尾矿土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性的影响
Fig. 4 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the activities of urease, acid phosphatase, sucrase and dehydrogenase in rare earth tailings soil
图5 土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质的相关性TN:全氮Total nitrogen;TP:全磷Total phosphorus;TK:全钾Total potassium;AN:碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen;AP:速效磷Available phosphorus;AK:速效钾Available potassium;OM:有机质Organic matter;BD:容重Bulk density;MMC:最大持水量Maximum moisture capacity;CMC:毛管持水量Capillary moisture capacity;FMC:田间持水量Field moisture capacity;SP:土壤孔隙度Soil porosity;SA:土壤通气度Soil aeration;S-UE:土壤脲酶活性Soil urease activity;S-ACP:土壤酸性磷酸酶活性Soil acid phosphatase activity;S-SC:土壤蔗糖酶活性Soil sucrase activity;S-DHA:土壤脱氢酶活性Soil dehydrogenase activity. “**”, “*”分别表示在 0.01、0.05 水平上显著相关。圆形颜色深浅反映相关系数大小,数字为正代表正相关,数字为负代表负相关。“**”, “*”indicate significant correlation at 0.01,0.05 levels. The depth of the circular color reflects the size of the correlation coefficient. A positive number represents a positive correlation, and a negative number represents a negative correlation.
Fig. 5 Correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties
年份Year | CK | Z | N | N+Z | Q | Q+Z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | 0.1188 | 0.0899 | 0.5466 | 0.6075 | 0.7546 | 0.8897 |
2022 | 0.0722 | 0.1134 | 0.5238 | 0.6428 | 0.7455 | 0.8379 |
2023 | 0.0841 | 0.1065 | 0.6265 | 0.6898 | 0.8710 | 0.8976 |
平均值Average | 0.0917 | 0.1033 | 0.5656 | 0.6467 | 0.7904 | 0.8751 |
排序Rank | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
表8 不同施肥处理下稀土尾矿土壤修复效果的隶属函数值
Table 8 Subordinate function values of soil remediation effect of rare earth tailings under different fertilization treatments
年份Year | CK | Z | N | N+Z | Q | Q+Z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | 0.1188 | 0.0899 | 0.5466 | 0.6075 | 0.7546 | 0.8897 |
2022 | 0.0722 | 0.1134 | 0.5238 | 0.6428 | 0.7455 | 0.8379 |
2023 | 0.0841 | 0.1065 | 0.6265 | 0.6898 | 0.8710 | 0.8976 |
平均值Average | 0.0917 | 0.1033 | 0.5656 | 0.6467 | 0.7904 | 0.8751 |
排序Rank | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
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