草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 86-93.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021420
范阳1(), 齐伟彪1, 朱崇淼2, 殷雨洋3, 毛胜勇1()
收稿日期:
2021-11-15
修回日期:
2022-02-24
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-10-01
通讯作者:
毛胜勇
作者简介:
E-mail: maoshengyong@njau.edu.cn基金资助:
Yang FAN1(), Wei-biao QI1, Chong-miao ZHU2, Yu-yang YIN3, Sheng-yong MAO1()
Received:
2021-11-15
Revised:
2022-02-24
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-10-01
Contact:
Sheng-yong MAO
摘要:
旨在研究日粮中添加发酵豆渣对湖羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响,探究发酵豆渣在肉羊生产中的利用价值。试验选取21头体重相近、体况良好的湖羊公羔,随机分为3组:对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、豆渣组(饲喂基础日粮+20%普通豆渣)和发酵豆渣组(饲喂基础日粮+20%发酵豆渣),每组7个重复,每个重复1头羊。预饲期7 d,试验期49 d。结果表明:1)与对照组和豆渣组相比,饲粮中添加20%发酵豆渣可显著提高湖羊的平均日增重(P<0.05),且增重成本显著降低(P<0.05);2)发酵豆渣组湖羊的干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);3)与豆渣组相比,发酵豆渣组湖羊的胴体重显著提高(P<0.05),且发酵豆渣组湖羊的屠宰率和红度显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),滴水损失显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);4)与对照组和豆渣组相比,发酵豆渣组湖羊的血清总蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),但尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),而与豆渣组相比,发酵豆渣组湖羊的血清白蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,饲粮中添加发酵豆渣可以显著提高湖羊的平均日增重,降低饲料成本,提高日粮的干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率,且对肉品质有一定的改善作用。
范阳, 齐伟彪, 朱崇淼, 殷雨洋, 毛胜勇. 日粮中添加发酵豆渣对湖羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(11): 86-93.
Yang FAN, Wei-biao QI, Chong-miao ZHU, Yu-yang YIN, Sheng-yong MAO. Effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of Hu sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 86-93.
项目 Items | 豆渣 Soybean residues (SR) | 发酵豆渣 Fermented soybean residues (FSR) |
---|---|---|
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 19.16 | 19.50 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 3.61 | 2.91 |
粗灰分Crude ash (CA) | 9.47 | 8.12 |
粗纤维Crude fiber (CF) | 13.13 | 13.73 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 13.25 | 13.63 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 37.35 | 42.93 |
表1 豆渣及发酵豆渣的营养水平
Table 1 Nutrient levels of soybean residues and fermented soybean residues(dry matter basis, %)
项目 Items | 豆渣 Soybean residues (SR) | 发酵豆渣 Fermented soybean residues (FSR) |
---|---|---|
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 19.16 | 19.50 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 3.61 | 2.91 |
粗灰分Crude ash (CA) | 9.47 | 8.12 |
粗纤维Crude fiber (CF) | 13.13 | 13.73 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 13.25 | 13.63 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 37.35 | 42.93 |
项目 Items | 对照组 Control group (CON) | 豆渣组 Soybean residues group (SR) | 发酵豆渣组 Fermented soybean residues group (FSR) |
---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredients | |||
燕麦干草Oaten hay (%) | 23 | 23 | 23 |
苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 |
玉米Corn (%) | 30.0 | 23.1 | 23.6 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 16.5 | 14.5 | 14.0 |
发酵麸皮Fermented wheat bran (%) | 4 | 4 | - |
麸皮Wheat bran (%) | 7 | - | - |
未发酵豆渣Soybean residues (%) | - | 16 | - |
发酵豆渣Fermented soybean residues1 (%) | - | - | 20 |
食盐NaCl (%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
预混料Premix2 (%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
石粉Limestone (%) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 (%) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
营养水平Nutrient levels3 | |||
消化能Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 13.28 | 13.32 | 13.37 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 17.36 | 17.15 | 17.27 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (%) | 3.86 | 3.87 | 3.76 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 29.21 | 31.75 | 33.23 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) | 20.20 | 20.75 | 20.85 |
粗灰分Crude ash (%) | 5.81 | 5.78 | 5.74 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.71 |
磷P (%) | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.43 |
表2 试验饲粮组成及营养水平
Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of diets(dry matter basis)
项目 Items | 对照组 Control group (CON) | 豆渣组 Soybean residues group (SR) | 发酵豆渣组 Fermented soybean residues group (FSR) |
---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredients | |||
燕麦干草Oaten hay (%) | 23 | 23 | 23 |
苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay (%) | 17 | 17 | 17 |
玉米Corn (%) | 30.0 | 23.1 | 23.6 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 16.5 | 14.5 | 14.0 |
发酵麸皮Fermented wheat bran (%) | 4 | 4 | - |
麸皮Wheat bran (%) | 7 | - | - |
未发酵豆渣Soybean residues (%) | - | 16 | - |
发酵豆渣Fermented soybean residues1 (%) | - | - | 20 |
食盐NaCl (%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
预混料Premix2 (%) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
石粉Limestone (%) | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 (%) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
营养水平Nutrient levels3 | |||
消化能Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 13.28 | 13.32 | 13.37 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 17.36 | 17.15 | 17.27 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (%) | 3.86 | 3.87 | 3.76 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 29.21 | 31.75 | 33.23 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) | 20.20 | 20.75 | 20.85 |
粗灰分Crude ash (%) | 5.81 | 5.78 | 5.74 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.71 |
磷P (%) | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.43 |
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI, g·d-1) | 1141.12a | 1113.33a | 1175.79a | 31.15 | 0.590 |
初始体重Initial weight (kg) | 23.37a | 23.33a | 23.36a | 0.37 | 0.990 |
终末体重Final weight (kg) | 36.01a | 33.91b | 37.11a | 0.54 | 0.040 |
平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, g·d-1) | 258.02b | 216.04c | 280.76a | 8.25 | 0.002 |
料重比Feed to gain ratio (F/G) | 4.49a | 5.24a | 4.25a | 0.20 | 0.110 |
表3 发酵豆渣对湖羊生长性能的影响
Table 3 Effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance of Hu sheep
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质采食量Dry matter intake (DMI, g·d-1) | 1141.12a | 1113.33a | 1175.79a | 31.15 | 0.590 |
初始体重Initial weight (kg) | 23.37a | 23.33a | 23.36a | 0.37 | 0.990 |
终末体重Final weight (kg) | 36.01a | 33.91b | 37.11a | 0.54 | 0.040 |
平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, g·d-1) | 258.02b | 216.04c | 280.76a | 8.25 | 0.002 |
料重比Feed to gain ratio (F/G) | 4.49a | 5.24a | 4.25a | 0.20 | 0.110 |
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
耗料量Feed consumption (kg·No.-1·d-1) | 1.14a | 1.11a | 1.18a | 0.31 | 0.59 |
饲料成本Feed cost (yuan·No.-1·d-1) | 2.74a | 2.34b | 2.35b | 0.07 | 0.01 |
增重成本Weight gain cost (yuan·kg-1) | 11.00a | 11.21a | 8.70b | 0.47 | 0.04 |
表4 发酵豆渣对湖羊经济效益的影响
Table 4 Effects of fermented soybean residues on economic benefit of Hu sheep
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
耗料量Feed consumption (kg·No.-1·d-1) | 1.14a | 1.11a | 1.18a | 0.31 | 0.59 |
饲料成本Feed cost (yuan·No.-1·d-1) | 2.74a | 2.34b | 2.35b | 0.07 | 0.01 |
增重成本Weight gain cost (yuan·kg-1) | 11.00a | 11.21a | 8.70b | 0.47 | 0.04 |
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter | 68.88b | 68.46b | 72.42a | 0.43 | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 72.58b | 70.22c | 74.90a | 0.45 | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract | 73.69a | 72.82a | 72.79a | 0.17 | 0.370 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 60.19b | 60.28b | 62.31a | 0.25 | <0.001 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 52.69a | 52.92a | 52.96a | 0.09 | 0.463 |
表5 发酵豆渣对湖羊养分表观消化率的影响
Table 5 Effects of fermented soybean residues on nutrient apparent digestibility of Hu sheep (%)
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter | 68.88b | 68.46b | 72.42a | 0.43 | <0.001 |
粗蛋白Crude protein | 72.58b | 70.22c | 74.90a | 0.45 | <0.001 |
粗脂肪Ether extract | 73.69a | 72.82a | 72.79a | 0.17 | 0.370 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 60.19b | 60.28b | 62.31a | 0.25 | <0.001 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 52.69a | 52.92a | 52.96a | 0.09 | 0.463 |
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg) | 36.01a | 33.91a | 36.83a | 0.55 | 0.075 |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 17.03a | 15.53b | 17.84a | 0.34 | 0.010 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 47.24b | 45.80c | 48.45a | 0.38 | 0.007 |
剪切力Shearing force(N) | 74.55a | 80.98a | 78.12a | 1.36 | 0.154 |
滴水损失Drip loss (%) | 35.45a | 30.76b | 29.02c | 0.11 | 0.034 |
蒸煮损失Cooking loss (%) | 35.46a | 32.80a | 30.39a | 1.08 | 0.159 |
亮度L* value | 48.11a | 49.64a | 48.11a | 0.48 | 0.344 |
红度a* value | 20.80b | 19.43c | 34.30a | 1.56 | <0.001 |
黄度b* value | 8.15a | 7.68a | 7.78a | 0.30 | 0.812 |
pH45 min | 6.32a | 6.38a | 6.29a | 0.04 | 0.672 |
pH24 h | 5.54a | 5.55a | 5.58a | 0.02 | 0.801 |
表6 发酵豆渣对湖羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响
Table 6 Effects of fermented soybean residues on slaughter performance and meat quality of Hu sheep
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg) | 36.01a | 33.91a | 36.83a | 0.55 | 0.075 |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 17.03a | 15.53b | 17.84a | 0.34 | 0.010 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 47.24b | 45.80c | 48.45a | 0.38 | 0.007 |
剪切力Shearing force(N) | 74.55a | 80.98a | 78.12a | 1.36 | 0.154 |
滴水损失Drip loss (%) | 35.45a | 30.76b | 29.02c | 0.11 | 0.034 |
蒸煮损失Cooking loss (%) | 35.46a | 32.80a | 30.39a | 1.08 | 0.159 |
亮度L* value | 48.11a | 49.64a | 48.11a | 0.48 | 0.344 |
红度a* value | 20.80b | 19.43c | 34.30a | 1.56 | <0.001 |
黄度b* value | 8.15a | 7.68a | 7.78a | 0.30 | 0.812 |
pH45 min | 6.32a | 6.38a | 6.29a | 0.04 | 0.672 |
pH24 h | 5.54a | 5.55a | 5.58a | 0.02 | 0.801 |
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总蛋白Total protein (g·L-1) | 59.77c | 60.66b | 64.33a | 0.52 | 0.002 |
白蛋白Albumin (g·L-1) | 30.40a | 29.43b | 31.83a | 0.36 | 0.015 |
球蛋白Globulin (g·L-1) | 29.37a | 32.23a | 30.66a | 0.59 | 0.139 |
白球比Albumin to globulin ratio | 1.04a | 0.92a | 1.04a | 0.02 | 0.055 |
尿素氮Urea nitrogen (mmol·L-1) | 10.23a | 9.20b | 7.68c | 0.34 | 0.003 |
总胆固醇Total cholesterol (mmol·L-1) | 1.70a | 1.47a | 1.62a | 0.04 | 0.057 |
甘油三酯Triglyceride (mmol·L-1) | 0.47a | 0.40a | 0.46a | 0.02 | 0.360 |
葡萄糖Glucose (mmol·L-1) | 4.51a | 4.46a | 4.68a | 0.06 | 0.226 |
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase (U·L-1) | 463.29a | 381.00a | 460.00a | 19.49 | 0.149 |
谷丙转氨酶Alanine transaminase (U·L-1) | 17.14a | 16.86a | 20.57a | 0.92 | 0.192 |
谷草转氨酶Aspartate aminotransferase (U·L-1) | 119.86a | 109.43a | 118.57a | 3.86 | 0.509 |
表7 发酵豆渣对湖羊血清生化指标的影响
Table 7 Effects of fermented soybean residues on serum biochemical indexes of Hu sheep
项目Items | 对照组CON | 豆渣组SR | 发酵豆渣组FSR | 标准误SEM | P 值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总蛋白Total protein (g·L-1) | 59.77c | 60.66b | 64.33a | 0.52 | 0.002 |
白蛋白Albumin (g·L-1) | 30.40a | 29.43b | 31.83a | 0.36 | 0.015 |
球蛋白Globulin (g·L-1) | 29.37a | 32.23a | 30.66a | 0.59 | 0.139 |
白球比Albumin to globulin ratio | 1.04a | 0.92a | 1.04a | 0.02 | 0.055 |
尿素氮Urea nitrogen (mmol·L-1) | 10.23a | 9.20b | 7.68c | 0.34 | 0.003 |
总胆固醇Total cholesterol (mmol·L-1) | 1.70a | 1.47a | 1.62a | 0.04 | 0.057 |
甘油三酯Triglyceride (mmol·L-1) | 0.47a | 0.40a | 0.46a | 0.02 | 0.360 |
葡萄糖Glucose (mmol·L-1) | 4.51a | 4.46a | 4.68a | 0.06 | 0.226 |
碱性磷酸酶Alkaline phosphatase (U·L-1) | 463.29a | 381.00a | 460.00a | 19.49 | 0.149 |
谷丙转氨酶Alanine transaminase (U·L-1) | 17.14a | 16.86a | 20.57a | 0.92 | 0.192 |
谷草转氨酶Aspartate aminotransferase (U·L-1) | 119.86a | 109.43a | 118.57a | 3.86 | 0.509 |
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